Bagrut Biology 5 Units case studies
Bagrut Biology 5 Units · Put your knowledge to work in context.
The Bagrut in Biology at 5 study units (בגרות בביולוגיה - 5 יחידות לימוד) is the highest-level biology matriculation track in the Israeli Bagrut system. It is taken by students who intend to use biology as a major subject for university admission, particularly toward medicine, life sciences, biotechnology, nursing, agriculture and environmental studies, and it is also relevant to candidates completing external or repeat Bagrut requirements. The Bagrut Biology 5 Units case studies are 5 cases and about 4,376 words.
1Glucose uptake across an intestinal monolayer: who pays the ATP?
A line of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) is grown as a tight monolayer on a permeable filter, with the apical surface facing the upper chamber. The upper chamber contains 2 mM glucose and 140 mM Na⁺; the lower chamber contains 5 mM glucose.
863 words, about 4 min2Choosing a pectinase for 55 °C juice clarification
A food-biotechnology company wants to replace a heat-labile fungal pectinase with an enzyme from a thermophilic bacterium, to clarify apple juice at 55 °C. Two versions are offered: the wild-type enzyme (WT) and a single-point mutant (M1).
895 words, about 4 min3A homozygous F508del fetus and a 'non-carrier' father
Yael, 29, is pregnant for the first time. Her older brother has cystic fibrosis (CF), and she has been found to carry the F508del variant in CFTR.
842 words, about 4 min4kdr resistance in a sprayed valley: heterozygote deficit and refuge design
Culicine mosquitoes in a valley are controlled with pyrethroid spraying. Resistance is conferred by a single point mutation (kdr) in the sodium-channel gene and is recessive: only RR individuals survive the diagnostic dose.
887 words, about 4 min5Hyponatraemia at the finish line
A 24-year-old woman runs a marathon on a hot, humid day (31 °C, 70% humidity). She weighs 70.0 kg before the start and 71.8 kg at the finish after 5 hours, having drunk about 6 L of water and eaten very little.
889 words, about 4 min