Bagrut Biology 5 Units study plan

Map the central dogma (replication, transcription, translation) and draw each stage from memory with the enzymes, templates, and directionality labeled

Solve monohybrid and dihybrid crosses including sex-linked and codominant traits, showing Punnett squares and probability calculations

Describe membrane structure and compare diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, and active transport with one worked example each

Build a labeled organelle-function table linking each organelle to a process it supports (protein synthesis, ATP production, packaging)

Write 10 original recall prompts on DNA structure and cell transport and answer them closed-book

Analyze pedigree charts and determine inheritance modes, justifying each conclusion with evidence from the chart

Explain gene expression regulation and describe one prokaryotic and one eukaryotic control mechanism

Outline genetic engineering steps (restriction enzymes, ligation, transformation, selection) and explain one application such as insulin production

Compare competitive and non-competitive inhibition and predict effects on reaction rate curves

Calculate enzyme rate from tabulated data and explain the effect of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration

Diagram homeostatic regulation of blood glucose and body temperature, naming sensors, control center, effectors, and feedback type

Trace the path of blood through the heart and relate structure to function for each chamber and valve

Describe nephron function and explain how ADH and aldosterone alter urine concentration

Compare hormonal regulation of the male and female reproductive cycles and identify the roles of the key hormones

Explain the events of fertilization and early embryonic development through implantation

Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables in 8 short scenario descriptions and state a testable hypothesis for each

Design a controlled experiment on membrane permeability (e.g., osmosis in plant tissue) including sample size, replicates, and a control group

Interpret a data table and a graph to draw a valid conclusion and identify one source of error and one limitation

Distinguish correlation from causation in two described studies

Review weeks 1-3 errors and re-solve every missed item

Explain natural selection with a step-by-step example and distinguish it from Lamarckian inheritance

Calculate allele and genotype frequencies using Hardy-Weinberg and check whether a population is in equilibrium

Describe the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and predict how violating each shifts frequencies

Interpret population growth curves (exponential vs logistic) and identify density-dependent and density-independent factors

Analyze a food web and predict the effect of removing one species, including trophic cascade reasoning

Compare innate and acquired immunity, naming the cells and molecules involved in each

Explain the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated response sequences, including memory cell formation

Describe the immune basis of vaccination and one immune malfunction (allergy or autoimmune disease)

Explain the lock-and-key and induced-fit models and relate enzyme structure to function

Trace a metabolic pathway and explain how a missing enzyme produces a described phenotype

Explain the carbon and nitrogen cycles and identify one human activity that disrupts each

Evaluate human impacts (habitat loss, pollution, climate change, invasive species) on biodiversity with a concrete example each

Summarize the elective unit's core concepts in your own outline and list the 5 most exam-relevant processes

Connect elective content to at least two core domains with explicit links

Answer 3 extended-response questions under timed conditions

Complete two full timed mock exams and score them against a marking scheme

Classify every error by domain and by error type (knowledge gap, misreading, calculation, time)

Re-teach the two weakest domains using your own notes and re-test with 15 new items

Practice data-analysis items involving graphs, tables, and experimental critique

Compile a final one-page 'frequently missed facts' sheet and review it twice