Israel Dental Licensing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Le Fort I fracture

A horizontal fracture separating the maxilla above the tooth apices, through the nasal floor and pterygomaxillary junction, producing a mobile maxilla and malocclusion.

Ludwig angina

Bilateral infection of the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces causing floor-of-mouth elevation, airway compromise, and need for urgent surgical decompression.

Osteoradionecrosis

Bone necrosis after radiotherapy, typically above 60 Gy, caused by hypovascularity, hypocellularity, and hypoxia; management ranges from antibiotics to resection with free flap.

MRONJ

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, defined as exposed bone persisting over 8 weeks in a patient on bisphosphonates, denosumab, or antiangiogenics, staged 0 to 3.

Working length

The endodontic reference point, typically 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex, corresponding to the apical constriction and used to control instrumentation.

Smear layer

A layer of organic and inorganic debris created by instrumentation, removed with 17 percent EDTA to allow sealer penetration into dentinal tubules.

C-factor

The ratio of bonded to unbonded surface area in a cavity; high C-factor increases polymerization contraction stress and the risk of marginal gap formation.

Ferrule effect

A circumferential ring of dentin at least 1.5 to 2 mm high that resists fracture and improves the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts and cores.

Neutral zone

The area where tongue and cheek forces balance; denture teeth and polished surfaces placed there improve stability in resorbed ridges.

Posterior palatal seal

A 0.5 to 1 mm deep groove at the vibrating line that improves maxillary denture retention by creating a partial vacuum and sealing the posterior border.

Closest speaking space

The distance between the incisal edges during speech, normally 1 to 2 mm; it is used to assess occlusal vertical dimension in complete denture patients.

Clinical attachment level

The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket, calculated as probing depth plus recession, and used to measure periodontal destruction.

Bleeding on probing

A marker of gingival inflammation with high sensitivity but low specificity; its absence has a high negative predictive value for periodontal stability.

Leeway space

The difference in size between primary and permanent posterior teeth, about 1.5 mm per side in the maxilla and 2.5 mm per side in the mandible.

Ugly duckling stage

A transient maxillary central diastema at 8 to 9 years caused by erupting canines; it usually resolves spontaneously without treatment.

Fluoride varnish

A 5 percent sodium fluoride preparation applied at 3 to 6 month intervals to prevent caries; it is safe and effective in children and adults.

Leukoplakia

A white patch that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed as another disease; about 10 to 20 percent show dysplasia and require biopsy.

Ameloblastoma

The most common clinically significant odontogenic tumor; it is locally aggressive, requires resection with margins, and has a high recurrence rate with curettage.

Odontogenic keratocyst

A developmental cyst with a high recurrence rate, associated with PTCH1 mutations and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome; treatment ranges from enucleation to resection.

Focal trough

The curved zone of sharpness in panoramic radiography; patient positioning errors cause distortion and ghost images outside this zone.

Beam hardening

A CT artifact appearing as streaks around dense metal or bone; it is reduced by higher kVp, artifact reduction algorithms, or removing metal.

DMFT index

A count of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth used in epidemiological surveys; dmft is the primary dentition equivalent.

CPITN

The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs; it uses sextants and scores 0 to 4, with score 3 indicating pockets of 4 to 5 mm.

Water fluoridation

Adjustment of fluoride in drinking water to about 0.7 mg/L, reducing caries by 20 to 40 percent and benefiting non-drinkers through herd effects.

Amoxicillin

A first-line penicillin for odontogenic infections; clindamycin or metronidazole is used for penicillin allergy or anaerobic coverage.

N-acetylcysteine

The antidote for paracetamol overdose, which causes hepatic necrosis; it replenishes glutathione and should be given early.

Inferior alveolar nerve block

A mandibular anesthesia technique targeting the lingula near the coronoid notch and pterygomandibular raphe, with a positive aspiration rate of about 10 to 15 percent.

Gow-Gates technique

A mandibular block targeting the neck of the condyle; it has a higher success rate and lower positive aspiration rate than the standard inferior alveolar block.

Anaphylaxis

A severe IgE-mediated reaction treated with intramuscular epinephrine 0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1000 in the thigh, oxygen, and IV fluids.

Autoclave sterilization

Sterilization at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes, or 134 degrees Celsius for 3 to 4 minutes, with weekly spore testing.

Distraction osteogenesis

Bone lengthening after osteotomy, with a latency of 5 to 7 days, distraction of about 1 mm per day, and consolidation of 6 to 8 weeks.

MB2 canal

The second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars; failure to locate it is a common cause of endodontic failure.