AP High Court Office Subordinate flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Article 226

Empowers High Courts to issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal rights. It is wider than Article 32 because it covers both fundamental and ordinary legal rights.

Basic structure doctrine

Established in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), it holds that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in a way that destroys its basic structure.

Retirement age of HC judges

High Court judges retire at 62 years, while Supreme Court judges retire at 65 years. This difference is prescribed in Articles 217 and 124 respectively.

Andhra Pradesh High Court seat

The Andhra Pradesh High Court has its principal seat at Amaravati. It was constituted on 1 January 2019 after bifurcation from the erstwhile Hyderabad High Court.

42nd Amendment

Enacted in 1976, it added 'socialist', 'secular', and 'integrity' to the Preamble and inserted Fundamental Duties under Article 51A. It is often called the 'mini-Constitution'.

Finance Commission

A constitutional body under Article 280 constituted every five years to recommend distribution of financial resources between the Union and States. The 15th Commission covered 2021-26.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100. It is calculated only on the original principal, unlike compound interest which is calculated on accumulated amount.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1], where P is principal, R is annual rate, and T is time in years. Interest is added to principal each period.

Work and time formula

If A completes a work in x days and B in y days, together they finish it in xy/(x + y) days. This assumes they work at constant individual rates.

Speed conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. For example, 72 km/h equals 20 m/s.

LCM and HCF relation

For two positive integers, LCM × HCF = product of the numbers. This identity helps find one value when the other three are known.

Syllogism Venn method

Draw all possible Venn diagrams for the premises. A conclusion is valid only if it is true in every possible diagram; otherwise it does not follow.

Clock hand angle

The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand. The angle between them at time h:m is |30h − 5.5m| degrees, adjusted to the smaller angle.

Calendar odd days

A normal year has 1 odd day and a leap year has 2. In 100 years there are 5 odd days, and in 400 years there are 0 odd days.

Blood relation notation

In family-tree puzzles, vertical lines show generations and horizontal lines show siblings or spouses. A plus sign often denotes male and a minus sign female.

Active to passive voice

Move the object to subject position, use the correct form of 'be' with the past participle, and add 'by' before the original subject if needed.

Reported speech tense shift

When the reporting verb is past, shift present to past, past to past perfect, and will to would. Also change time and place words like now to then.

Articles a, an, the

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds. Use 'the' for definite, unique, or superlative references, and for previously mentioned nouns.

Prepositions of time

Use 'in' for months, years, and seasons; 'on' for days and dates; 'at' for exact times and for night or noon. Example: at 5 pm on Monday in June.

Conditional sentence types

Type 1: if + present, will + base. Type 2: if + past, would + base. Type 3: if + past perfect, would have + past participle. Each expresses a different degree of reality.

Byte and bit

One byte equals 8 bits. One kilobyte is 1024 bytes, one megabyte is 1024 kilobytes, and one gigabyte is 1024 megabytes in binary measurement.

RAM versus ROM

RAM is volatile primary memory that loses data when power is off. ROM is non-volatile and retains data permanently; it stores firmware such as the BIOS.

Excel absolute reference

An absolute cell reference such as $A$1 does not change when copied to another cell. A relative reference like A1 changes according to the new position.

Email protocols

SMTP is used for sending email, while POP3 and IMAP are used for receiving. IMAP keeps messages on the server; POP3 often downloads them to the device.

Computer virus

A virus is malicious software that replicates by attaching itself to files or programs. Antivirus software detects and removes known viruses through signature scanning.

తెలుగు వర్ణమాల

తెలుగు వర్ణమాలలో 16 అచ్చులు, 36 హల్లులు, మూడు ఉభయాక్షరాలు ఉన్నాయి. అచ్చులు స్వరాలు, హల్లులు వ్యంజనాలు అని పిలువబడతాయి.

సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి

అ, ఆ, ఇ, ఈ, ఉ, ఊ, ఋ, ౠ అనే సవర్ణ అచ్చులు కలిసినప్పుడు దీర్ఘం ఏర్పడుతుంది. ఉదా: రామ + ఆలయం = రామాలయం.

అలంకారాలు

ఉపమాలంకారం పోలికను, రూపకాలంకారం అభేదాన్ని, శ్లేషాలంకారం ఒకే పదానికి అనేక అర్థాలను తెలియజేస్తాయి. ఇవి కవిత్వంలో అందాన్ని పెంచుతాయి.

కవిత్రయం

నన్నయ, తిక్కన, ఎర్రనలను కవిత్రయం అంటారు. వీరు ఆంధ్ర మహాభారతాన్ని రచించారు; నన్నయ ఆది కర్తగా ప్రసిద్ధుడు.

Notes portion of a file

The notes portion records internal discussion, comments, and decisions on a case. It is placed before the correspondence portion and is not sent to the public.

Inward register

An inward register records letters and documents received by an office. Each entry includes serial number, date, sender, subject, and the file number to which it is attached.

Record retention schedule

A record retention schedule specifies how long each category of record must be kept. Permanent records go to the record room; temporary records are destroyed after approval.