APPSC DyEO flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Article 21A

Constitutional right inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, guaranteeing free and compulsory education to all children aged six to fourteen years as a fundamental right.

AP Reorganisation Act 2014

Parliamentary statute that bifurcated Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014, creating Telangana and leaving the residual state with its capital arrangements under transition.

Fiscal deficit

The excess of total government expenditure over total receipts excluding borrowings; it measures the borrowing requirement of the government in a financial year.

Successive percentage change

When a quantity changes by a percent and then by b percent, the net change equals a plus b plus ab divided by 100, not the simple sum.

Compound interest formula

Amount equals principal multiplied by one plus the rate divided by 100, raised to the power of the number of years; interest is the amount minus principal.

Blood relation tree

Diagrammatic method for reasoning problems using vertical lines for generations and horizontal lines for siblings and marriage, avoiding assumptions about gender from names.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's concept describing the distance between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can achieve with guidance from a more capable other.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's third stage, roughly ages seven to eleven, when children master conservation, classification and reversibility but still reason mainly about tangible objects.

Industry versus inferiority

Erikson's school-age psychosocial crisis, ages six to twelve, resolved positively when children gain competence and recognition through work and peer comparison.

Formative assessment

Assessment conducted during teaching to diagnose learning gaps and adjust instruction; it is low-stakes and feedback-oriented rather than used for grading or certification.

Pragmatism in education

Dewey's philosophy holding that knowledge arises from experience and testing; curriculum is activity-based and school functions as a miniature democratic society.

Nai Talim

Gandhi's scheme of Basic Education making a productive craft the medium of instruction, aiming at self-reliance, dignity of labour and holistic village development.

Idealism

Philosophical school holding that reality is mental and universal; education aims at self-realisation and character, with the teacher as a central moral model.

RTE pupil-teacher ratio

The Act prescribes one teacher for every thirty children at primary level and one for every thirty-five at upper primary, with at least one teacher per class.

School Management Committee

Body constituted under the RTE Act with at least three-fourths parent members, responsible for monitoring school functioning and preparing the school development plan.

5+3+3+4 structure

Curricular restructuring proposed by the National Education Policy 2020, covering foundational, preparatory, middle and secondary stages from ages three to eighteen.

No detention provision

RTE rule prohibiting holding back or expelling a child until completion of elementary education; continuous and comprehensive evaluation is used instead of terminal failure.

Discrimination index

Item statistic computed as the proportion correct in the upper scoring group minus the proportion correct in the lower scoring group; higher values indicate better item quality.

Test validity

The degree to which a test measures the construct it is intended to measure, established through content, criterion-related and construct evidence rather than consistency alone.

Herbartian five steps

Lesson planning sequence of preparation, presentation, comparison and abstraction, generalisation, and application, used to structure direct instruction of new content.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation

Assessment system spreading evaluation across the term and covering scholastic as well as co-scholastic areas, using both formative and summative techniques.

Academic supervision

Improvement-oriented process in which a supervisor observes classroom teaching, analyses it with the teacher, and provides feedback and demonstration to strengthen practice.

School Development Plan

Institution-level document prepared with the school management committee, stating needs, measurable targets, activities, timelines, responsibilities and budget for a defined period.

Democratic leadership

Style in which decisions are shared with staff, communication flows both ways, and group commitment is built; associated with higher morale and sustained school improvement.

NCTE

National Council for Teacher Education, the statutory body regulating standards, norms and recognition for pre-service and in-service teacher education programmes in India.

Least restrictive environment

Inclusive education principle requiring that a learner with disability be educated alongside peers to the maximum extent appropriate, with support services as needed.

RPwD Act 2016

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act recognising twenty-one specified disabilities and mandating non-discrimination, accessibility and inclusive education across institutions.

Standard deviation

Square root of the mean of squared deviations from the mean; it expresses spread in the same units as the scores and is sensitive to every value.

Action research

Practitioner-led, cyclical inquiry in which a teacher identifies a local problem, collects baseline data, intervenes, observes and reflects to improve practice.

Normal distribution property

Symmetric bell-shaped distribution in which about sixty-eight percent of scores lie within one standard deviation of the mean and ninety-five percent within two.

Stratified sampling

Sampling method in which the population is divided into homogeneous subgroups and random samples are drawn from each, ensuring representation of every stratum.

Correlation coefficient

Statistic ranging from minus one to plus one that quantifies the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables; it does not imply causation.