ASSEB Higher Secondary Skill Subject Advance Sanskrit key terms

The phonological adjustment that occurs when sounds meet at word or morpheme boundaries, such as vowel coalescence or consonant change; knowing sandhi rules is essential for splitting and joining Sanskrit words correctly in reading, writing, and translation.

A compound word formed by combining two or more stems into a single grammatical unit, with the relationship between members expressed by case or context rather than by separate words.

A case ending attached to a nominal stem, marking its grammatical relation such as subject, object, instrument, or possessor; Sanskrit has eight cases including the vocative.

A verbal root listed in grammatical works such as the Dhātupāṭha; it carries the core meaning from which verbs and many nouns are derived through prefixes and suffixes.

A suffix or affix added to a root or stem to form a new word or grammatical form, including tense, person, case, and derivational endings.

A semantic role that a noun plays in relation to the action of a verb, such as agent, object, instrument, recipient, source, or location; it underlies case usage.

A verbal prefix such as pra-, anu-, or sam- added to a root to modify or intensify its meaning; the resulting combination often has a specialized sense.

A grammatical label for a set of tense-mood endings in Sanskrit, traditionally ten in number, covering present, past, future, imperative, optative, and related formations.

A Sanskrit prose narrative, often historical or biographical in theme, that may include dialogue and verses; it is one of the recognized forms of classical prose literature.

A prose tale or narrative, often fictional and entertaining, sometimes with moral or religious purpose; it is distinguished from more formal historical prose narrative.

Sanskrit prose, as opposed to verse (padya); it includes simple narrative, ornate courtly prose, technical commentary, and modern expository writing.

Literary art in Sanskrit, especially poetry and ornate prose that aims at aesthetic delight through suggested meaning, figurative language, and skilled craftsmanship.

A long narrative poem on a grand theme, usually with a heroic or divine protagonist, divided into cantos and displaying elaborate description, figures, and sentiment.

A shorter poetic work, often on a single episode, theme, or devotional subject, without the full canto structure of a mahākāvya.

A single independent stanza that stands alone as a complete poetic composition, often expressing a maxim, devotional thought, or a single sentiment.

A major type of Sanskrit drama, usually in ten acts, based on a well-known story and featuring heroic or noble characters, with a dominant rasa such as śṛṅgāra or vīra.

A type of Sanskrit drama with a plot invented by the poet rather than taken from epic tradition; it often depicts ordinary people and social or political themes.

A division or act of a Sanskrit play; the term can also mean a subordinate episode or a plot element within a drama's structure.

The male protagonist of a Sanskrit drama or poem, classified by qualities such as nobility, resolve, and romantic conduct; his counterpart is the nāyikā.

The aesthetic sentiment or relish produced in a spectator or reader by a well-developed emotional situation; classical theory recognizes nine rasas including śṛṅgāra and karuṇa.

A basic emotion or psychological state portrayed by a character; in dramatic theory these emotions, when generalized and combined, develop into rasa.

The five stages of dramatic action in classical Sanskrit theory: mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarśa, and upasaṃhāra; they organize the plot from beginning to conclusion.

Translation or rendering of a text from one language into another; in this exam it usually means translating between Sanskrit and Assamese or English with fidelity to meaning and style.

A word borrowed into a modern Indian language from Sanskrit with little or no change in form or meaning; such words are common in formal Assamese vocabulary.

A word derived from Sanskrit but changed in pronunciation or form as it passed into a modern Indo-Aryan language such as Assamese.

A Sanskrit word that carries several distinct meanings depending on context; dictionaries and commentaries list such multiple senses for accurate comprehension.

A synonym or word having nearly the same meaning as another; knowledge of paryāya words helps in understanding and producing varied Sanskrit prose and verse.

The metrical system of Sanskrit verse, specifying syllable patterns, quantities, and stanza forms; it governs how a poem is recited and composed.

A fixed metrical pattern in Sanskrit prosody defined by the sequence of light and heavy syllables in each quarter or line, often named after a sage or deity.

A group of three syllables used in prosody to classify metrical feet; the eight standard gaṇas have names such as ya, ra, ta, and bha.

A poetic figure or ornament that enhances the beauty and expressiveness of a literary composition; it includes figures of sound and figures of sense.

A figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another because of a shared quality, usually using words such as iva or yathā.

A figure of speech in which one thing is identified with another, without an explicit word of comparison; it is a metaphor rather than a simile.

A figure of sound in which the same consonant or similar consonants are repeated in close succession, producing a musical or emphatic effect.

A structured essay or composition in Sanskrit on a chosen topic; it usually has an introduction, developed body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

The introduction or opening section of an essay, composition, or book; it introduces the topic and prepares the reader for the discussion that follows.

The concluding part of an essay or composition, summarizing the main points and offering a final observation; it corresponds to the conclusion.

Pāṇini's foundational grammar of Sanskrit, consisting of eight chapters of concise rules; it remains the central reference for classical Sanskrit grammatical analysis.

An ancient Sanskrit treatise attributed to Bharata dealing with drama, dance, music, and aesthetic theory; it is a key source for classical dramaturgy and rasa doctrine.

The Sanskrit epic attributed to Vālmīki, telling the story of Rāma; it is traditionally called the ādikāvya and is a major source for later poetry and drama.