Internet, Web Technologies and Digital Communication
This domain examines whether you can read a URL correctly, explain DNS and HTTPS, use email fields safely, and apply netiquette in workplace communication.
Core concepts
- The Internet is the global network of networks; the World Wide Web is one service on it, accessed through HTTP/HTTPS.
- URL anatomy: scheme, subdomain, domain, path, file - for example https://assam.gov.in/services/index.html.
- IPv4 is 32-bit dotted decimal; IPv6 is 128-bit hexadecimal. DNS translates domain names into IP addresses.
- HTTPS adds TLS encryption. The padlock proves the connection is encrypted, not that the owner is honest.
- A browser renders pages; a search engine indexes them; the ISP provides access; bandwidth in Mbps limits speed; download is towards you, upload is away from you.
- Email: To for action, Cc for a visible copy, Bcc for a hidden copy that protects addresses. Attachments have size limits.
- Cloud storage, video conferencing and instant messaging are digital-communication services.
Worked example
https://assam.gov.in/services/index.html - scheme https, domain assam.gov.in (a .gov.in domain), path /services, file index.html. To restrict a search to that site, use site:assam.gov.in scholarships. Reasoning: the site: operator filters results by domain instead of searching the whole web.
Traps that cost marks
- Assuming HTTPS makes a site genuine - phishing sites also use HTTPS.
- Putting a large recipient list in Cc when Bcc was needed, exposing every address.
- Claiming the Internet and the WWW are the same thing.
- Confusing a modem (signal conversion) with a router (traffic direction).