Assam ASSEB HS Skill Subject Private Security cheat sheet

Private security is a paid, non-police service protecting people, property and information for a client; guards generally hold no police powers of arrest beyond citizen powers.

The industry grew because public police budgets and coverage are limited; private security now outnumbers police in many countries, including India.

Sectors: manned guarding, cash-in-transit, electronic surveillance, event security, close protection, investigation, and facility management.

Key Indian statutes: Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act 2005 (PSARA), PSARA Rules 2006, and state PSARA rules; Assam implements PSARA through its Controlling Authority.

Agencies need a PSARA licence per state; guards need training and a police-verified character certificate before deployment.

Three tiers of guard in India: unarmed guard, armed guard (needs arms licence), and supervisor/officer grade.

Client contract elements: scope of deployment, shift pattern, manpower count, uniform, equipment, reporting, and liability limits.

The security guard is a deterrent and detection resource; response to crime is reporting to police and preserving the scene.

Core duties: access control, patrol, visitor logging, key control, incident reporting, escort, and emergency first response.

Code of conduct: honesty, punctuality, sobriety on duty, no sleeping, no unauthorized entry into client premises, and no disclosure of confidential information.

Guard must never use force beyond lawful self-defence or citizen's arrest under BNSS/CrPC provisions; excessive force creates criminal and civil liability.

Report writing uses facts only: date, time, place, persons, action taken, witnesses, and signature; opinions and hearsay are excluded.

Shift handover must be documented: keys, registers, equipment, pending incidents, and special instructions.

Chain of command: guard reports to shift supervisor, supervisor to agency operations officer, who liaises with the client representative.

Prohibited conduct: accepting bribes or gifts, drinking, sleeping, unauthorized absence, falsifying registers, and abandoning post.

Uniform and appearance standards: clean uniform, visible ID card, correct badge, and no personal phone use except for duty communication.

PSARA 2005 applies to private security agencies; the State Controlling Authority licenses, renews and cancels licences and can inspect records.

PSARA eligibility: Indian citizen, age 18+, no conviction for an offence involving moral turpitude, and verified character and antecedents.

Guard verification: police verification of character and antecedents, training certificate, and photo ID are mandatory before deployment.

Citizen's arrest: a private person may arrest a person who in their presence commits a non-bailable and cognizable offence and must hand the person to police without delay.

Rights of a guard: right to self-defence, right to refuse unlawful orders, right to wages under labour law, and right to legal representation.

Offences under PSARA: running an unlicensed agency, employing unverified guards, and obstructing the Controlling Authority - punishable with fine and imprisonment.

Other applicable laws: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, Evidence Act/Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, and the Private Security Agencies rules.

Evidence handling: preserve the scene, do not touch exhibits, record who entered, and hand over to police with a written memo.

Access control principles: identify, verify, authorize, record and control movement through defined entry and exit points.

Three lines of defence: perimeter barrier, building envelope, and interior controlled zones; each layer must be independent.

Methods: photo ID checks, visitor passes, escort rules, vehicle stickers, biometrics, turnstiles, and boom barriers.

Tailgating and piggybacking are the most common access failures; countermeasures include one-person turnstiles and challenge procedures.

Key control register records key number, holder, issue time, return time, and signature; master keys are issued only with written authority.

Patrol types: fixed post, foot patrol, vehicle patrol, and electronic patrol with checkpoint tags; vary routes and timings to avoid predictability.

Perimeter security elements: fencing, lighting, clear zone, CCTV coverage, and intrusion detection; lighting should be uniform with no dark patches.

Search procedure: same-sex search where possible, witness present, consent recorded, and search of bags before entry and after exit.

Crowd density limits: plan for safe standing density of about 2 persons per square metre; above 4 per square metre crushing risk rises sharply.

Crowd flow rules: separate entry and exit, one-way routes, no bottlenecks at gates, and keep exit widths clear of obstruction.

Event security layers: outer perimeter (tickets, vehicle checks), inner perimeter (bag checks), and protected zone (stage or VIP area).

Stampede warning signs: surge waves, loss of personal space, screaming, and people falling; response is to stop inflow and open relief exits.

Emergency announcement script must be pre-approved: calm tone, clear exit directions, no ambiguous words such as 'maybe' or 'possibly'.

Crowd management team roles: stewards, marshals, first aiders, radio operator, and supervisor with a single incident command.

Lost child protocol: hold the child in a safe zone, record description, announce through control room, and never release without verification.

Post-event: controlled dispersal, exit monitoring, and debrief report with crowd counts and incidents.

Fire triangle: fuel, oxygen and heat; removing any one side extinguishes fire; the fire tetrahedron adds the chemical chain reaction.

Fire classes: A solid, B liquid, C gas, D metal, and electrical (often classed E or C); extinguisher choice must match the class.

PASS technique: Pull the pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side.

Extinguisher types: water (class A), foam (A and B), CO2 (B and electrical), dry powder (A, B, C, electrical).

Never use water on live electrical equipment or on burning oil; use CO2 or dry powder and isolate the power first.

Evacuation: raise alarm, call fire brigade, use stairs not lifts, stay low under smoke, and assemble at the designated muster point for roll call.

Fire prevention duties: check extinguisher pressure gauges monthly, keep exits and hydrants clear, report damaged wiring and blocked stairwells.

Emergency response sequence: detect, alert, contain, evacuate, account for persons, and hand over to emergency services.

DRSABCD: Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation.

Adult CPR: compressions at 100-120 per minute, depth 5-6 cm, ratio 30 compressions to 2 breaths; continue until help arrives or the person recovers.

Recovery position is used for an unconscious but breathing person to keep the airway open and prevent choking.

Choking adult: encourage coughing; if ineffective, give up to 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, then up to 5 abdominal thrusts, alternating.

Severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean dressing, elevate if possible, and do not remove a soaked dressing - add another on top.

Burns: cool with running water for at least 20 minutes, remove jewellery, cover with cling film or clean non-fluffy cloth, and never apply ice or toothpaste.

Fracture: immobilize the limb, support in the found position, check circulation beyond the injury, and do not attempt to straighten it.

An AED is safe to use: apply pads to bare dry chest, follow voice prompts, and do not touch the casualty during analysis or shock.

Hand-held metal detector (HHMD) is used for body scanning; walk-through metal detector (WTMD) is used at entry gates with sensitivity set to avoid nuisance alarms.

X-ray baggage scanner: operator reads shapes and colours - organic material appears orange, metals blue or black, and mixed materials green.

CCTV camera types: dome (discreet, indoor), bullet (long range), PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom), and ANPR for vehicle plates.

Access control devices: proximity card, biometric fingerprint, PIN keypad, and turnstile; multi-factor means combining two different types.

Fire extinguisher inspection tag records date, pressure status, and inspector name; refilling is due as per manufacturer and local rules.

Communication equipment: two-way radio, body-worn camera, metal detector wand, torch, and whistle; check battery and function at shift start.

Equipment register records issue, return, serial number, condition, and signature of the guard holding the item.

Body-worn camera rules: record only duty incidents, do not edit footage, and hand over memory to the supervisor with a written log.

Radio procedure: listen before transmitting, use call signs, keep messages short, and end with 'over' or 'out' correctly.

NATO phonetic alphabet is used to spell names clearly: Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, and so on.

Incident report format: what, where, when, who, how, and action taken; written within the shift and signed.

CCTV monitoring rules: continuous observation of key zones, log camera faults, never zoom on private areas, and preserve footage on incident.

Evidence footage handling: export with hash or timestamp, record chain of custody, and store in a sealed or access-controlled location.

Communication escalation: guard to supervisor by radio, supervisor to control room, control room to police or fire as required.

Daily occurrence register (DOR) is the primary written log; entries are chronological, in ink, and never erased - corrections are struck through and initialled.

Handover briefing covers pending incidents, key status, equipment faults, and special instructions from the client.

Personal hygiene for guards: daily bath, clean uniform, trimmed nails, oral care, and short hair under the cap.

Hand hygiene: wash with soap for at least 20 seconds or use alcohol-based sanitizer when hands are not visibly dirty.

Shift work health risks: fatigue, sleep debt, and circadian disruption; counter with fixed sleep schedule, hydration, and short breaks.

Manual handling: bend knees, keep the load close, avoid twisting, and ask for help above the safe individual limit.

PPE for guards: reflective jacket at night, gloves for search, helmet where required, and rain gear during monsoon.

Workplace hazards: slippery floors, loose wiring, poor lighting, heat stress, and aggressive visitors; report each hazard in writing.

Heat stress prevention: drink water frequently, take shade breaks, and watch for cramps, dizziness and confusion.

Infection control: avoid direct contact with blood, use gloves, and dispose of sharps in a rigid sharps container.

Customer service sequence: greet, identify need, act within authority, and confirm satisfaction.

De-escalation: speak calmly, lower voice, keep safe distance, offer options, and call for backup if aggression rises.

Ethics rules: no discrimination on religion, caste, gender or language, no harassment, and equal treatment of all visitors.

Confidentiality: client information, staff movement and security layouts are not disclosed to outsiders or on social media.

Conflict of interest: a guard must not accept gifts or favours that could influence duty decisions.

Professional communication: use polite forms such as 'May I help you', avoid arguing, and never threaten or abuse.

Complaint handling: listen fully, apologize for the inconvenience, record details, and escalate to supervisor as per policy.

Teamwork and reliability: report on time, cover for colleagues as instructed, and inform supervisor before leaving post.