Assam ASSEB Higher Secondary Skill Subject Tourism and Hospitality flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Excursionist

A same-day visitor who arrives and departs without an overnight stay. Excursionists count in visitor statistics but not in tourist statistics, which require at least one overnight stay.

Push and pull factors

Push factors are internal motivations such as relaxation or prestige that drive a person to travel. Pull factors are destination attributes such as beaches, heritage, or events that attract the traveller.

Leiper tourism system

A model describing tourism as three interacting regions: the tourist-generating region, the transit route region, and the tourist destination region, all shaped by the surrounding physical, cultural, and economic environment.

Domestic vs international tourism

Domestic tourism involves residents travelling within their own country. International tourism involves crossing a national border, split into inbound (foreign visitors arriving) and outbound (residents departing).

Travel agent vs tour operator

A travel agent sells on behalf of principals such as airlines and hotels and earns commission. A tour operator buys components, assembles packages, sets prices, and carries commercial risk.

PNR

Passenger Name Record, the booking file in an airline reservation system that holds the traveller's name, itinerary, ticket details, and contact information. It is identified by a record locator code.

IATA and ICAO codes

IATA uses three-letter airport codes (for example, GAU for Guwahati) and two-letter airline codes. ICAO uses four-letter airport codes and three-letter airline codes for aviation operations.

Global Distribution System

A computer reservation platform such as Amadeus, Sabre, or Galileo that lets travel agents search and book airline seats, hotel rooms, and car rentals from many suppliers in one place.

Room status OOO

Out of order: a room withdrawn from sale because of maintenance or damage. Unlike out of service, an out-of-order room is not counted as available and earns no revenue.

Guest folio

The running account of charges and payments for a guest's stay. An individual folio belongs to one guest; a master folio consolidates charges for a group or company.

Occupancy percentage

Rooms occupied divided by rooms available, multiplied by 100. It is the core front-office performance measure and is used with average daily rate to compute RevPAR.

Linen par stock

The minimum quantity of linen kept to keep operations running between laundry cycles. It equals working stock plus minimum or safety stock, usually about three to four times the daily requirement.

Table d'hote menu

A fixed menu of several courses offered at a single set price. It contrasts with a la carte, where each dish is individually priced and chosen by the guest.

Mother sauces

The five base sauces in classical cuisine: bechamel from milk, veloute from white stock, espagnole from brown stock, tomato, and hollandaise from butter and egg yolk.

HACCP

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, a food safety system that identifies hazards at each production step, sets critical limits, monitors them, and records corrective actions to prevent illness.

Food cost percentage

Cost of food sold divided by food sales, multiplied by 100. It measures kitchen cost control; standard recipe cards and portion control are the main tools for keeping it within target.

Kaziranga National Park

A UNESCO World Heritage site in Assam, famous for the greater one-horned rhinoceros. It lies in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts along the Brahmaputra floodplain and is closed during the monsoon.

Majuli island

A large river island in the Brahmaputra in Assam, known for its Vaishnavite satras and Sattriya culture. It is promoted as a centre of neo-Vaishnavite heritage and eco tourism.

Sattriya dance

A classical Indian dance form that developed in the Vaishnavite satras of Assam, attributed to Srimanta Sankardeva. It was recognised as one of India's eight classical dances in 2000.

Hornbill Festival

A ten-day cultural festival held each December at Kisama near Kohima, Nagaland. It showcases the dances, crafts, and cuisine of the Naga tribes and is a major North East tourism draw.

Four A's of tourism

Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, and Amenities. Together these describe the essential components a destination must offer for a tourism product to function.

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of visitors a site can absorb without unacceptable ecological, social, or infrastructural damage. It is a core concept in sustainable tourism planning and site management.

Sustainable tourism

Tourism that meets present visitor and host needs while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future, balancing economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits and impacts.

Community-based tourism

A model where local communities own, manage, and benefit from tourism activities such as homestays and guided walks, with profits retained locally and culture protected.

Inner Line Permit

A document required for non-residents to enter certain protected areas of the North East, including parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Manipur. Indian citizens also need it.

Tour itinerary

A day-by-day plan listing dates, route, transport, accommodation, meals, and activities for a tour. It may be suggested and flexible or confirmed and pre-booked.

Tour package costing

Summing transport, accommodation, meals, guide, entry fees, permits, overheads, contingency, and profit margin to produce a per-person price, usually quoted on twin-sharing.

Travel insurance

A policy covering medical emergencies, trip cancellation, baggage loss, and delays during travel. It is separate from visa requirements and is strongly advised for international and adventure trips.

SERVQUAL dimensions

Five service quality dimensions: reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. Reliability, doing what was promised, is usually the strongest driver of guest satisfaction.

Active listening

A communication technique in which the listener paraphrases, confirms, and asks open questions to ensure understanding. It reduces guest complaints and improves service accuracy.

RevPAR

Revenue per available room, calculated as room revenue divided by rooms available, or as average daily rate multiplied by occupancy. It combines price and occupancy into one performance measure.

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, so profit is zero. It is calculated as fixed cost divided by contribution per unit (selling price minus variable cost).