Odisha BSE HSC Odia (First Language) flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- ଉପମା ଅଳଂକାର
- A figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another of a different kind using words such as ପରି, ସମ, or ପ୍ରାୟ; both ଉପମେୟ and ଉପମାନ are explicitly stated.
- ରୂପକ ଅଳଂକାର
- A metaphor in which the ଉପମେୟ and ଉପମାନ are identified as one without a comparison word; for example, calling a person a lion rather than saying he is like a lion.
- ଅନୁପ୍ରାସ ଅଳଂକାର
- Alliteration; the repetition of the same consonant sound at close intervals in a line of poetry, producing a musical effect without change of meaning.
- ଯମକ ଅଳଂକାର
- A figure in which the same word or sound is repeated with different meanings in the same line or stanza; distinct from ଅନୁପ୍ରାସ, where only the sound repeats.
- ଉତ୍ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷା ଅଳଂକାର
- Poetic fancy in which an object is imagined to be something else, often introduced by words like 'ଯେମିତି' or 'ମନେ ହୁଏ'; the imagination, not literal fact, is the point.
- ଛନ୍ଦ (metre)
- The patterned arrangement of syllables and pauses in a poem; prescribed Odia poems may be in ରଣସ୍ତ୍ର, ଭାଗବତ, or ଦାଣ୍ଡି ଛନ୍ଦ, each with fixed syllable counts.
- ଭାବ (poetic emotion)
- The dominant feeling or sentiment of a poem, such as ଭକ୍ତି (devotion), ଦେଶପ୍ରେମ (patriotism), ପ୍ରକୃତି ପ୍ରେମ (love of nature), or ନୀତି (morality); questions often ask for the ମୂଳ ଭାବ.
- ସନ୍ଧି
- The phonetic combination of the final sound of one word with the initial sound of the next, producing a changed form; main types are ସ୍ୱର ସନ୍ଧି, ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନ ସନ୍ଧି, and ବିସର୍ଗ ସନ୍ଧି.
- ସମାସ
- A compound word formed by joining two or more words into a single unit; types include ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ, କର୍ମଧାରୟ, ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ, ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି, ଦ୍ୱିଗୁ, ଅବ୍ୟୟୀଭାବ, and ନଞ୍.
- କର୍ମଧାରୟ ସମାସ
- A compound in which the first member qualifies the second, and the second member is the principal word; for example, 'ମହାବଳୀ' (great and strong) where the strength is principal.
- ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ ସମାସ
- A compound in which both members are equally important and are joined by 'ଏବଂ' or 'ଓ'; for example, 'ମାତା ପିତା' meaning mother and father together.
- ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି ସମାସ
- A compound in which neither member is the principal word; the compound as a whole denotes a third thing, such as 'ଦଶାନନ' (ten-faced) meaning Ravana.
- କାରକ
- The relation of a noun or pronoun to the verb in a sentence; the eight କାରକ are କର୍ତ୍ତା, କର୍ମ, କରଣ, ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାନ, ଅପାଦାନ, ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ, ଅଧିକରଣ, and ସମ୍ବୋଧନ.
- ବିଭକ୍ତି
- A case ending attached to a noun or pronoun to show its କାରକ relation; Odia has eight ବିଭକ୍ତି, from ପ୍ରଥମା to ସମ୍ବୋଧନ, each with its own marker.
- ସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା
- A finite verb that completes the sense of a sentence and agrees with the subject in person, number, and tense; it can stand alone as the main verb.
- ଅସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା
- A non-finite verb form, such as a participle or infinitive, that does not complete the sentence by itself and depends on another verb for full meaning.
- ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି
- Direct speech; the speaker's exact words are placed within quotation marks and introduced by a reporting verb, without change of pronouns or tense.
- ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି
- Indirect speech; the substance of a speaker's words is reported without quotation marks, with changes in pronouns, tense, and time or place words.
- ଆବେଦନ ପତ୍ର
- A formal application letter addressed to an authority; it contains sender's address, receiver's address, date, salutation, subject, body, closing, and signature in that order.
- ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ପତ୍ର
- An informal personal letter to a relative or friend; it uses 'ପ୍ରିୟ/ପ୍ରିୟା' in the salutation, omits the subject line, and closes with 'ତୁମର/ତୁମରି'.
- ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ
- A formal essay with three parts: ଭୂମିକା (introduction), ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅଂଶ (body developing two or three points), and ଉପସଂହାର (conclusion); each paragraph carries one idea.
- ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ
- A single unified paragraph beginning with a topic sentence, followed by supporting details and a closing sentence; it avoids bullet points and stays within the word limit.
- ବିଜ୍ଞାପନ
- A short advertisement that states what is offered, where and when it is available, whom to contact, and the issuing authority; it uses brief, attractive language.
- ସୂଚନା
- A notice displayed for a group; it answers what, where, when, and whom to contact, and ends with the name and designation of the issuing authority.
- ସମ୍ବୋଧନ
- The salutation in a letter or the vocative case in grammar; in letters it uses 'ମହାଶୟ/ମହୋଦୟ' for officials and 'ପ୍ରିୟ/ପ୍ରିୟା' for relatives and friends.
- ଚିତ୍ର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା
- Description of a picture in the present tense, following a spatial order such as right, left, top, and bottom, and ending with one personal comment on the scene.
- ଅପଠିତ ଗଦ୍ୟ
- An unseen prose passage followed by questions on meaning, inference, and vocabulary; answers should be brief, supported by the passage, and written in complete sentences.
- ଅପଠିତ ପଦ୍ୟ
- An unseen poem followed by questions on ମୂଳ ଭାବ, ଅଳଂକାର, word meaning, and the sense of the closing line; answers follow the order of the questions.
- ଶବ୍ଦାର୍ଥ
- The meaning of a word as used in a particular passage; in unseen comprehension, the contextual meaning must be inferred from surrounding sentences rather than from a dictionary alone.
- ସମାନାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ
- A synonym; a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another, such as 'ଜଳ' and 'ପାଣି', used in vocabulary and comprehension questions.
- ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ
- An antonym; a word expressing the opposite meaning of another, such as 'ଦିନ' and 'ରାତି', tested in grammar and unseen passage exercises.
- ମୂଳ ଭାବ
- The central idea or main sentiment of a prose lesson or poem; it is stated in one or two sentences and is distinct from a plot summary or a list of incidents.