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Odisha BSE HSC Sanskrit (Third Language) study materials
Odisha BSE HSC Sanskrit (Third Language) study resources

Odisha BSE HSC Sanskrit (Third Language) practice questions

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Question 1Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence रामः फलं खादति, what is the grammatical role of the word रामः?

  1. कर्ता (subject) Correct answer.
  2. करण (instrument)
  3. सम्बन्ध (possessor)
  4. कर्म (object)

Explanation

In a Sanskrit sentence the noun in the nominative case (प्रथमा विभक्ति) that performs the action is the कर्ता, here रामः with the -ः ending. The verb खादति agrees with this subject in the third person singular.

Question 2Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which form is the correct द्विवचन (dual) nominative of the noun मुनि?

  1. मुनी Correct answer.
  2. मुनिम्
  3. मुनयः
  4. मुनिना

Explanation

The i-ending masculine noun मुनि takes the dual nominative ending -ई, giving मुनी. The plural would be मुनयः and the singular मुनिः.

Question 3Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which of these is the correct लङ् (past imperfect) form of the root पठ् in the third person singular?

  1. पठति
  2. पठिष्यति
  3. पठतु
  4. अपठत् Correct answer.

Explanation

The लङ् past tense adds the augment अ- to the root and uses the secondary ending -त्, giving अपठत्. The other forms belong to the present, future and imperative systems respectively.

Question 4Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

The word गच्छति is a form of which verbal root?

  1. गै
  2. ग्रह्
  3. गम् Correct answer.
  4. गण्

Explanation

गच्छति comes from the root गम् (to go), which uses the present stem गच्छ- with the शप् suffix. The other roots have quite different present stems.

Question 5Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the compound राजपुत्रः, what is the relationship between the two members?

  1. द्वन्द्व (राजा च पुत्रः च)
  2. अव्ययीभाव (राज्ञः समीपे)
  3. बहुव्रीहि (राजा पुत्रो यस्य)
  4. षष्ठी तत्पुरुष (राज्ञः पुत्रः) Correct answer.

Explanation

राजपुत्रः means 'the king's son', so the first member stands in the genitive relation to the second. This is the classic षष्ठी तत्पुरुष, where the case ending of the first word is dropped.

Question 6Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which suffix forms the abstract noun from the adjective शूर (brave) meaning 'bravery'?

  1. -ता (शूरः)
  2. -इन् (शूरी)
  3. -त्व (शौर्यम्) Correct answer.
  4. -मत् (शूरवान्)

Explanation

Abstract quality nouns are formed with the कृत्य/तद्धित suffix -त्व or its equivalent, giving शौर्यम् from शूर. The other suffixes produce possessive or agent forms, not abstract nouns.

Question 7Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Identify the correct सन्धि form of इति + उक्तम्.

  1. इतिउक्तम्
  2. इत्यूक्तम्
  3. इतीउक्तम्
  4. इत्युक्तम् Correct answer.

Explanation

When इ or ई is followed by a dissimilar vowel, it becomes the semivowel य्, so इति + उक्तम् gives इत्युक्तम्. This is a यण् सन्धि (vowel followed by semivowel).

Question 8Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the word देवालयः, which sandhi rule produces the long आ?

  1. वृद्धि सन्धि (अ + ए = ऐ)
  2. दीर्घ सन्धि (अ + आ = आ) Correct answer.
  3. गुण सन्धि (अ + इ = ए)
  4. यण् सन्धि (इ + अ = य)

Explanation

देव + आलयः has अ followed by आ; the दीर्घ rule states that अ/आ followed by अ/आ yields the long आ. Hence देवालयः, not देवआलयः.

Question 9Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which sentence correctly uses the कर्मणि (passive) voice in the present tense?

  1. रामं फलं खादति
  2. रामाय फलं ददाति
  3. रामेण फलं खाद्यते Correct answer.
  4. रामः फलं खादति

Explanation

In the passive construction the object becomes the nominative subject and the agent takes the instrumental case (तृतीया), while the verb takes the आत्मनेपद ending -यते. Thus रामेण फलं खाद्यते is correct.

Question 10Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

The form कर्तव्यम् expresses which meaning?

  1. करिष्यति (will do)
  2. कर्तुं योग्यम् (ought to be done) Correct answer.
  3. कृतवान् (has done)
  4. कुर्वन् (doing)

Explanation

The कृत्य suffix -तव्य forms a gerundive expressing obligation or fitness: कर्तव्यम् means 'it ought to be done'. It is not a tense form of the verb.

Question 11Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which of the following is a correct बहुवचन (plural) form of the pronoun तत् (neuter)?

  1. ते
  2. तानि Correct answer.
  3. तस्मै
  4. तत्

Explanation

The neuter plural nominative/accusative of तद् is तानि. The masculine plural is ते and the singular neuter is तत्.

Question 12Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence गुरुः शिष्याय पुस्तकं ददाति, why is शिष्याय in the dative case?

  1. It marks the person to whom something is given (सम्प्रदान) Correct answer.
  2. It marks the person who performs the action
  3. It marks the instrument of the action
  4. It marks the place where the action occurs

Explanation

The dative (चतुर्थी) marks the सम्प्रदान, the recipient for whom or to whom something is given. Since the book is given to the student, शिष्याय is correct.

Question 13Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which word is an indeclinable (अव्यय) in Sanskrit?

  1. उपरि Correct answer.
  2. गच्छति
  3. फलम्
  4. रामः

Explanation

अव्यय words such as उपरि, अत्र and च never change their form for case, number or gender. Nouns and verbs, by contrast, are declined or conjugated.

Question 14Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Choose the correct form to complete: अहं प्रतिदिनं विद्यालयं ______।

  1. गच्छसि
  2. गच्छति
  3. गच्छामि Correct answer.
  4. गच्छन्ति

Explanation

The subject अहम् is first person singular, so the verb must take the ending -आमि, giving गच्छामि. The other endings belong to third singular, third plural and second singular subjects.

Question 15Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

What is the meaning of the उपसर्ग in the word प्रगच्छति compared with गच्छति?

  1. It conveys 'back, again' (पुनः)
  2. It conveys 'forward, forth' (प्र-) Correct answer.
  3. It conveys 'away, off' (अप-)
  4. It conveys 'down, below' (अव-)

Explanation

The prefix प्र- means 'forward' or 'forth', so प्रगच्छति means 'goes forward'. Upasargas modify the sense of the root but do not change its basic meaning entirely.

Question 16Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct form of the noun नदी in the instrumental singular?

  1. नद्या Correct answer.
  2. नद्यै
  3. नद्याः
  4. नद्याम्

Explanation

The ī-ending feminine noun नदी takes -आ in the instrumental singular, giving नद्या. The dative is नद्यै and the locative is नद्याम्.

Question 17Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the verse रामो राजमणिः सदा विजयते, the word राजमणिः is best understood as which kind of compound?

  1. उपमानपूर्वपद कर्मधारय (रामः राजा इव मणिः) Correct answer.
  2. अव्ययीभाव (राज्ञः समीपे मणिः)
  3. द्वन्द्व (राजा च मणिः च)
  4. बहुव्रीहि (राज्ञो मणिर्यस्य)

Explanation

राजमणिः means 'a jewel among kings', an identification compound in which the first member (राज-) qualifies the second through comparison. This is a कर्मधारय with an उपमान first member.

Question 18Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which sentence correctly uses the potential mood (विधिलिङ्) to express 'one should study'?

  1. पठति
  2. पठेत् Correct answer.
  3. पठिष्यति
  4. अपठत्

Explanation

The विधिलिङ् (optative) expresses what should or ought to be done, formed with the endings -एत् etc. Thus पठेत् means 'one should study'.

Question 19Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

The word अग्नि in the compound अग्निहोत्रम् refers to which element of meaning?

  1. The place near the fire
  2. Fire and offering as two separate items
  3. The offering made into fire (अग्नौ होत्रम्) Correct answer.
  4. One who has fire as an offering

Explanation

अग्निहोत्रम् is a सप्तमी तत्पुरुष meaning 'the oblation (होत्र) in the fire (अग्नौ)'. The first member retains a locative sense though the case ending is dropped.

Question 20Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct causative form of the root कृ meaning 'causes to do'?

  1. कुरुते
  2. कारयति Correct answer.
  3. करोति
  4. क्रियते

Explanation

The causative (णिच्) of कृ is formed with the वृद्धि of the root vowel and the suffix -अय, giving कारयति, 'causes to do'. The simple present is करोति.

Question 21Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence त्वं कुत्र गच्छसि?, what does the interrogative कुत्र ask about?

  1. Manner (how)
  2. Cause (why)
  3. Place (where) Correct answer.
  4. Time (when)

Explanation

कुत्र is an indeclinable interrogative meaning 'where', asking about place. It is answered by a locative expression such as ग्रामे.

Question 22Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which word correctly completes the sentence बालकः ______ पुस्तकं पठति, meaning 'The boy reads a beautiful book'?

  1. सुन्दरम् Correct answer.
  2. सुन्दरः
  3. सुन्दराय
  4. सुन्दरा

Explanation

The adjective must agree with the noun पुस्तकम्, which is neuter singular in the accusative. The matching form is सुन्दरम्.

Question 23Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which of these is the correct form of the numeral 'three' in the nominative masculine?

  1. त्रीणि
  2. तिस्रः
  3. त्रयम्
  4. त्रयः Correct answer.

Explanation

The numeral त्रि has different forms by gender: masculine त्रयः, neuter त्रीणि and feminine तिस्रः. The masculine nominative plural is त्रयः.

Question 24Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which statement about the आत्मनेपद endings is correct?

  1. They replace the person and number endings entirely
  2. They are used only in the past tense
  3. They are used only with transitive roots
  4. They are used when the fruit of the action returns to the agent Correct answer.

Explanation

आत्मनेपद (literally 'word for oneself') is used when the result of the action accrues to the doer, as in सेवते or लभते. The endings still mark person and number, just like परस्मैपद.

Question 25Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct प्रथमा विभक्ति (nominative) singular of the noun सरित् (river)?

  1. सरितम्
  2. सरिता
  3. सरित् Correct answer.
  4. सरितः

Explanation

Consonant-ending nouns of this type keep the bare stem in the nominative singular when the final consonant is allowed, so सरित् is the nominative form. The other forms are instrumental, plural/ablative and accusative.

Question 26Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence बालिका गीतं गायति, which पद is the कर्म (object) according to Sanskrit कारक analysis?

  1. गीतम् Correct answer.
  2. एकवचनम्
  3. गायति
  4. बालिका

Explanation

कर्म is the thing directly affected by the action of the verb; गायति (sings) acts upon the song, so गीतम् in द्वितीया विभक्ति is the कर्म. बालिका is the कर्ता (agent) in प्रथमा, and गायति is the क्रियापद itself. In neuter nouns the द्वितीया एकवचन ends in the same -म् form as प्रथमा, which is why गीतम् appears unchanged.

Question 27Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which form correctly completes गुरुः शिष्येभ्यः पुस्तकानि ______, meaning 'The teacher gives books to the students'?

  1. ददति
  2. ददासि
  3. ददाति Correct answer.
  4. ददामि

Explanation

The subject गुरुः is third person singular, so the present-tense root दा takes the ending -ति, giving ददाति. The reduplicated present stem ददा- is shared, and only the personal ending changes with person and number. The plural शिष्येभ्यः is dative plural and does not control the verb's number, since the verb agrees with the subject.

Question 28Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the ऋकारान्त noun कर्तृ (doer), which is the correct प्रथमा विभक्ति बहुवचन form?

  1. कर्तृणि
  2. कर्तुः
  3. कर्तॄन्
  4. कर्तारः Correct answer.

Explanation

ऋकारान्त nouns of this class strengthen the ऋ to आर् before endings beginning with a consonant, and the प्रथमा बहुवचन ending -अस् becomes -अः, giving कर्तारः. The same strengthening appears in कर्तारौ (dual). Forms like कर्तॄन् belong to द्वितीया बहुवचन, and कर्तुः is षष्ठी एकवचन.

Question 29Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which option shows the correct सन्धि of वाक् + ईशः?

  1. वाक्ईशः
  2. वाकीशः
  3. वाग्ईशः
  4. वागीशः Correct answer.

Explanation

Here a विसर्ग-less क् at the end of वाक् meets the vowel ई, and by the rule for a consonant followed by a vowel the क् becomes its soft counterpart ग्, giving वागीशः. Writing क् before ई would violate the voicing rule of internal sandhi. The result is a single word meaning 'lord of speech'.

Question 30Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the word नरेन्द्रः, what is the correct analysis of the compound?

  1. द्वन्द्व (नरश्च इन्द्रश्च)
  2. अव्ययीभाव (इन्द्रं प्रति)
  3. बहुव्रीहि (इन्द्रो यस्य सः)
  4. षष्ठी तत्पुरुष (नराणाम् इन्द्रः) Correct answer.

Explanation

The compound नरेन्द्रः resolves as नराणाम् इन्द्रः, 'lord of men', where the first member stands in the genitive relation to the second. That makes it a षष्ठी तत्पुरुष. In a द्वन्द्व both members would be joined by च, and in a बहुव्रीहि the whole word would denote someone possessing the thing named.

Question 31Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which sentence correctly expresses 'He went to the village' using the past tense (लङ्)?

  1. सः ग्रामं अगच्छत् Correct answer.
  2. सः ग्रामं गच्छति
  3. सः ग्रामं गच्छेत्
  4. सः ग्रामं गमिष्यति

Explanation

The लङ् past tense adds the augment अ- to the past stem and takes secondary endings; for गम् the third person singular is अगच्छत्, 'he went'. The other forms belong to different tenses or moods. Note that ग्रामम् stands in द्वितीया because motion toward a place takes the accusative.

Question 32Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence राज्ञः पुत्रः आगच्छति, why does राज्ञः carry the षष्ठी ending?

  1. It expresses the genitive relation 'of the king' with पुत्रः Correct answer.
  2. It marks the place 'in the king'
  3. It is the object of आगच्छति
  4. It marks the instrument 'by the king'

Explanation

The genitive (षष्ठी) marks the possessor or the source of a relation, so राज्ञः पुत्रः means 'the son of the king'. The verb आगच्छति agrees with पुत्रः, which is the कर्ता. Instrumental would be राज्ञा and locative राज्ञि, so the ending -अः here signals the genitive singular of राजन्.

Question 33Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which word is the correct अव्यय used to mean 'quickly' in the sentence सः ______ धावति?

  1. शीघ्रा
  2. शीघ्रः
  3. शीघ्राणि
  4. शीघ्रम् Correct answer.

Explanation

Adverbs of manner in Sanskrit are commonly frozen neuter accusative singular forms, and शीघ्रम् functions as an indeclinable meaning 'quickly'. Because it is an अव्यय it does not change for gender or number. The forms शीघ्रः, शीघ्रा and शीघ्राणि are declined adjectives that would have to agree with a noun.

Question 34Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct द्वितीया विभक्ति एकवचन form of the feminine noun मति (intelligence)?

  1. मत्याः
  2. मतौ
  3. मतिम् Correct answer.
  4. मतये

Explanation

Feminine इकारान्त nouns such as मति take the accusative singular ending -म्, giving मतिम्. The stem-final इ is unchanged before this consonantal ending. The other options belong to different cases: मत्याः is genitive/ablative singular, मतौ is locative singular, and मतये is dative singular.

Question 35Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which option shows the correct causative (णिच्) form meaning 'the teacher makes the student read', third person singular present?

  1. पठितुम्
  2. पठ्यते
  3. पठति
  4. पाठयति Correct answer.

Explanation

The causative of पठ् is formed with the णिच् suffix, which gives the strengthened stem पाठय- and the ending -ति, hence पाठयति, 'causes to read'. The simple verb पठति means 'reads' and the passive पठ्यते means 'is read'. The infinitive पठितुम् means 'to read'.

Question 36Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which sentence correctly uses the आत्मनेपद ending in the present tense?

  1. सः पुस्तकं पठते Correct answer.
  2. सः पुस्तकं अपठत्
  3. सः पुस्तकं पठति
  4. सः पुस्तकं पठिष्यति

Explanation

आत्मनेपद endings in the present third person singular are -ते, -एते, -अन्ते, so पठते is the correct आत्मनेपद present form. The choice between परस्मैपद and आत्मनेपद depends on the root's class and usage, but the ending -ते must appear on the verb. Forms with -ति are परस्मैपद.

Question 37Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the word दुर्जनः, what meaning does the उपसर्ग दुर्- contribute?

  1. Repetition, giving 'again and again'
  2. Direction toward, giving 'one who goes'
  3. Goodness, giving 'a good person'
  4. Badness or difficulty, giving 'a wicked person' Correct answer.

Explanation

The उपसर्ग दुर्- conveys badness, difficulty or inferiority, so दुर्जनः means 'a bad or wicked person'. Its opposite सु- conveys goodness, as in सुजनः. Prefixes such as पुनः express repetition and आ- expresses direction toward.

Question 38Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct form of the pronoun अस्मद् in the द्वितीया बहुवचन ('us')?

  1. अस्मासु
  2. अस्मभ्यम्
  3. अस्माकम्
  4. अस्मान् Correct answer.

Explanation

The first-person plural pronoun अस्मद् forms its accusative as अस्मान्, meaning 'us'. The other cases are अस्माकम् (genitive, 'our'), अस्मभ्यम् (dative/ablative, 'to/from us') and अस्मासु (locative, 'among us'). Pronominal declension must be learned separately from noun declension.

Question 39Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence छात्रः पुस्तकेन लिखति, what function does the instrumental पुस्तकेन serve?

  1. It names the person addressed
  2. It names the recipient of the action
  3. It names the instrument with which the action is done Correct answer.
  4. It names the place where the action occurs

Explanation

The तृतीया विभक्ति (instrumental) answers 'by means of what?' and marks the instrument or means of an action, here 'with a book/notebook'. The recipient would take the dative, place would take the locative, and the person addressed would take the vocative. Hence पुस्तकेन is the करण कारक.

Question 40Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct सन्धि form of सत् + जनः?

  1. सत्जनः
  2. सज्जनः Correct answer.
  3. सद्जनः
  4. सजनः

Explanation

When a word-final त् is followed by ज्, the त् assimilates to the following consonant and becomes ज्, giving सज्जनः. This is a case of व्यञ्जन सन्धि in which the first consonant adopts the class of the second. The result means 'a good person'.

Question 41Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct प्रथमा विभक्ति एकवचन of the noun सरित् (river)?

  1. सरितम्
  2. सरिता
  3. सरित् Correct answer.
  4. सरितः

Explanation

Consonant-final (हलन्त) stems like सरित् keep the bare stem in the nominative singular, so सरित् itself is the प्रथमा एकवचन. The plural nominative is सरितः, the accusative singular is सरितम्, and the instrumental singular is सरिता. The stem-final त् is retained before these endings.

Question 42Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the verse विद्या ददाति विनयं, what is the correct grammatical relation of विनयम् to ददाति?

  1. विनयम् is the सम्बोधन, the address
  2. विनयम् is the करण, the means
  3. विनयम् is the कर्ता, the giver
  4. विनयम् is the कर्म in द्वितीया, the thing given Correct answer.

Explanation

The verb ददाति, 'gives', takes a giver as कर्ता and a thing given as कर्म; विनयम् is the thing given, so it stands in द्वितीया. The subject विद्या is the कर्ता in प्रथमा. The accusative singular of विनय is विनयम्, which is why the ending appears.

Question 43Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which is the correct form of the numeral त्रि ('three') in the प्रथमा बहुवचन masculine?

  1. तिस्रः
  2. त्रयम्
  3. त्रयः Correct answer.
  4. त्रीणि

Explanation

The numeral त्रि is declined irregularly: masculine nominative plural is त्रयः, neuter is त्रीणि, and feminine is तिस्रः. These forms must agree in gender, number and case with the noun counted. त्रयम् is not a standard nominative plural form.

Question 44Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the sentence मया ग्रन्थः पठ्यते, what does the construction express?

  1. I am reading the book (कर्तरि प्रयोग)
  2. I will read the book (भविष्यत्)
  3. I should read the book (विधिलिङ्)
  4. The book is being read by me (कर्मणि प्रयोग) Correct answer.

Explanation

In the कर्मणि (passive) construction the object of the action becomes the grammatical subject and agrees with the verb, while the agent stands in the instrumental, here मया. The passive present third person singular of पठ् is पठ्यते. So the sentence means 'the book is read by me'.

Question 45Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which statement correctly describes the difference between the प्रथमा and सम्बोधन forms of the noun राम?

  1. The vocative always takes the ending -म् in राम
  2. रामम् is nominative while रामः is vocative
  3. Both रामः and हे राम are nominative singular
  4. रामः is nominative singular while हे राम is the vocative address Correct answer.

Explanation

The प्रथमा एकवचन of राम is रामः, used for the subject of a sentence. The सम्बोधन (vocative) is used when addressing someone directly and is typically accompanied by हे, giving हे राम. The accusative रामम् is a different case altogether and is never a vocative.

Question 46Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which option correctly completes the sentence विद्यार्थी ______ पाठं पठितुं गच्छति, meaning 'The student goes to the school to read the lesson'?

  1. विद्यालयम् Correct answer.
  2. विद्यालयेन
  3. विद्यालयाय
  4. विद्यालये

Explanation

Verbs of motion such as गच्छति take the destination in the द्वितीया (accusative), so विद्यालयम् is correct. The instrumental विद्यालयेन would mean 'by means of the school', the locative विद्यालये would mean 'in the school' (location, not destination), and the dative विद्यालयाय would mark purpose or recipient.

Question 47Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the word निर्गच्छति compared with गच्छति, what does the उपसर्ग निर्- add?

  1. The sense of 'out' or 'forth', giving 'goes out' Correct answer.
  2. The sense of 'up', giving 'ascends'
  3. The sense of 'back', giving 'returns'
  4. The sense of 'badly', giving 'goes badly'

Explanation

The उपसर्ग निर्- means 'out, forth, away from', so निर्गच्छति means 'goes out' or 'departs'. Different prefixes change the sense in fixed ways: प्रति- suggests 'back' or 'toward', उद्- suggests 'up', and दुर्- suggests 'badly'. Prefix meaning must be learned with the root.

Question 48Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which sentence correctly uses the ऌट् (simple future) to say 'I shall go to the city tomorrow'?

  1. अहं श्वः नगरं गमिष्यामि Correct answer.
  2. अहं श्वः नगरं गच्छामि
  3. अहं श्वः नगरं गच्छेयम्
  4. अहं श्वः नगरं अगच्छम्

Explanation

The simple future (ऌट्) adds the suffix -स्य/-इष्य to the root and takes secondary endings; for गम् in the first person singular this gives गमिष्यामि. The time word श्वः ('tomorrow') confirms the future sense. The other options are present, past and potential forms respectively.

Question 49Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

In the compound महात्मा, what is the correct grammatical explanation of the long आ in महा-?

  1. The long आ is a feminine nominative ending
  2. The adjective महत् takes the form महा- when it is the first member of a compound Correct answer.
  3. The long आ results from combining महत् with a following vowel
  4. The long आ marks the dual number

Explanation

As the first member of a compound, the adjective महत् regularly appears in the form महा-, so महात्मा means 'great soul'. This is a fixed compounding form, not a case ending. It is distinct from sandhi changes, which depend on the following sound.

Question 50Sanskrit language (Third Language) - HSC Class X syllabus as published by BSE Odisha

Which option correctly identifies the लकार (tense-mood) of the form पठेयुः?

  1. लोट् (imperative), third person plural
  2. लट् (present), third person plural
  3. विधिलिङ् (potential), third person plural Correct answer.
  4. लङ् (imperfect), third person plural

Explanation

The विधिलिङ् (potential) uses the optative suffix -य- with secondary endings; third person plural of पठ् is पठेयुः, meaning 'they should read'. The present plural is पठन्ति, the imperfect plural is अपठन्, and the imperative plural is पठन्तु. The -एयुः ending is the identifying marker of the optative.