AP SSC Telugu (Second Language) flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Utpalamala Chandam
- A Telugu metre with three Padas of two Ganalu each and a fourth Pada of one Guru; each Ganam is a Naga or Bha pattern.
- Champakamala Chandam
- A metre whose four Padas each contain five Ganalu, typically Naga, Bha, and similar patterns; used for descriptive and devotional verses.
- Sardulam Chandam
- A Sanskrit-derived metre with four Padas of six Ganalu each, including a final Guru; common in narrative and didactic Telugu poetry.
- Kandam Chandam
- A popular Telugu metre in which Padas are built from Ganalu arranged in fixed groups called Gana chatushtayam; used widely in folk and devotional verse.
- Mattebham Chandam
- A metre with four Padas of five Ganalu each, ending in a specified pattern; named after the elephant for its heavy rhythmic movement.
- Upama Alankaram
- A figure of speech comparing two dissimilar things using words such as 'like' or 'as' (e.g., 'moon-like face'); the comparison is explicit and stated.
- Rupaka Alankaram
- A metaphor in which the object of comparison is superimposed on the subject without an explicit comparison word, e.g., calling a person a lion.
- Atisayokti Alankaram
- Hyperbole; a figure in which a statement is exaggerated beyond literal truth to intensify effect, often by describing one thing as another.
- Swabhavokti Alankaram
- A figure describing an object's natural, inherent qualities directly and vividly, without exaggeration or comparison, as in nature descriptions.
- Arthantaranyasa Alankaram
- A figure in which a general statement is supported or illustrated by a particular instance in the same verse, linking principle to example.
- Sandhi
- The euphonic junction of two adjacent sounds in Telugu, classified by the sounds involved (e.g., Savarna, Guna, Vriddhi, Yanadesa, and Jastva types).
- Guna Sandhi
- A Sandhi where a, e, or o sounds combine with a following vowel to produce a long vowel of the same quality, as in Deva + Alayam = Devalayam.
- Vriddhi Sandhi
- A junction where a or aa combines with e or ee to yield ai, or with o or oo to yield au, producing a strengthened vowel sound.
- Yanadesa Sandhi
- A Sandhi in which i, ee, u, or oo before a dissimilar vowel becomes the corresponding semivowel y or v, as in Iti + Adi = Ityadi.
- Jastva Sandhi
- A Sandhi in which a voiceless consonant following a voiced consonant becomes voiced, typically affecting the first letter of a suffix or word.
- Samasam
- A compound word formed by joining two or more words, classified into types such as Tatpurusha, Dvandva, Dvigu, Bahuvrihi, and Karmadharaya.
- Tatpurusha Samasam
- A compound in which the first member qualifies the second and the second retains its head status, e.g., Raja + Bhavanam = Rajabhavanam.
- Dvandva Samasam
- A copulative compound in which both members are equally important and joined by 'and', e.g., Rama + Lakshmana = Ramalakshmanulu.
- Bahuvrihi Samasam
- A compound denoting a person or thing possessing the qualities named by its members, functioning as an adjective rather than naming the compound itself.
- Karmadharaya Samasam
- A compound whose first member is an adjective or qualifier describing the second, which remains the principal noun, e.g., Pedda + Illu.
- Dvigu Samasam
- A compound beginning with a numeral or quantity word, where the whole denotes a collection or measure, e.g., Moodu + Rallu.
- Vibhakti Pratyayalu
- Case suffixes marking grammatical relation in Telugu; the first case is nominative, the second accusative, and the sixth genitive, among others.
- Kriya Kalaalu
- Verb tense forms in Telugu: Vartamana (present), Bhutakalam (past), and Bhavishyat (future), plus imperative and potential moods.
- Vachanalu
- Grammatical number in Telugu, contrasting Ekavachanam (singular) and Bahuvachanam (plural), with plural suffixes like -lu, -mu, and -ndru.
- Lingam
- Grammatical gender in Telugu, traditionally classified as Pumlingam (masculine), Streelingam (feminine), and Napumsakalingam (neuter).
- Prathipadartham
- Word-by-word meaning of a literary passage, presented in the order of the original text and required before explaining the overall sense.
- Bhavam
- The central idea or emotional import of a poem or prose passage, expressed in a short sentence summarising the poet's intended meaning.
- Kavi Parichayam
- A brief introduction to a poet covering period, region, major works, and literary contributions, often asked alongside poetry comprehension questions.
- Saranamsu
- A concise summary of a prose lesson or passage, retaining the main points and omitting illustrative detail, usually written in the candidate's own words.
- Patram Rachana
- Formal letter writing in Telugu; requires sender address, date, salutation, body with clear purpose, and closing, with correct spelling and register.
- Vyavasaya Patram
- A formal application or letter on a practical matter such as leave, permission, or complaint, addressed to an official and written in respectful register.
- Vyavasayam
- An essay or composition on a given topic, structured with introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, marked for organisation and language accuracy.