A context-sensitive translation
The original classroom examples are “अयं ग्रन्थः गुरुः अस्ति” and “गुरुः शिष्याय पुस्तकं ददाति.” A learner insists that गुरु must mean teacher in every context and translates the first sentence as saying that the book is a teacher, even though the exercise specifies a discussion of the book’s weight. In the second sentence, the learner translates the recipient as the thing being given. The task asks how surrounding words and the supplied context guide vocabulary choice and grammatical relations. It also asks why translation should be checked at the sentence level after dictionary meanings have been considered. No metaphorical reading is requested in the first weight-focused example.
1. Translate the relevant meanings.
Read the worked answer
In the supplied weight discussion, the first sentence means this book is heavy. The second says the teacher gives a book to the pupil.
2. Identify the second sentence’s roles.
Read the worked answer
गुरुः is the giver, पुस्तकं is the thing given and शिष्याय is the recipient. These roles must not be exchanged merely to produce a fluent target-language sentence.