BSEB Matric Social Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Indian National Congress founded

Founded in 1885 in Bombay with W. C. Bonnerjee as its first president. It became the main platform for the Indian national movement.

Partition of Bengal

Announced in 1905 under Lord Curzon and withdrawn in 1911. It triggered the Swadeshi and Boycott movements in Bengal.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, when General Dyer ordered firing on an unarmed gathering. It followed protests against the Rowlatt Act.

Chauri Chaura incident

In February 1922 a mob burned a police station in Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur. Gandhi then withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Dandi March

Gandhi walked from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April 1930. He broke the salt law, starting Civil Disobedience.

Quit India Movement

Launched on 8 August 1942 with the slogan 'Do or Die'. It demanded an immediate end to British rule in India.

Indian Independence Act 1947

British law that ended British rule and created the dominions of India and Pakistan. India became independent on 15 August 1947.

Champaran Satyagraha

Gandhi's first satyagraha in India, in 1917. It supported indigo cultivators against oppressive planting conditions in Bihar.

Bihar location

Bihar lies between about 24°20'N and 27°31'N latitude and 83°19'E and 88°17'E longitude. It borders Nepal, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

Kosi River

A north-bank tributary of the Ganga in Bihar. It is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because it shifts course and floods frequently.

Damodar River

A river of the Chota Nagpur plateau flowing through Jharkhand and West Bengal. It is known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal' for its floods.

Tropic of Cancer in India

The line 23°30'N passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram, but not Bihar.

Western Ghats

A continuous, higher mountain range along India's west coast, with Anamudi as the highest peak. The Eastern Ghats are lower and discontinuous.

Black soil

Also called regur, formed from weathered lava. It holds moisture well and is suited to cotton, so it is known as black cotton soil.

Monsoon onset

The southwest monsoon normally reaches Kerala around 1 June. It covers most of India by July and withdraws from the northwest from September.

Ganga-Brahmaputra delta

The world's largest delta, formed where the Ganga and Brahmaputra meet before entering the Bay of Bengal. The Hooghly is a western distributary.

Preamble of the Constitution

It declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and lists justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as its objectives.

Right to Constitutional Remedies

Article 32 lets citizens move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.

Directive Principles

Part IV, Articles 36 to 51, sets out social and economic goals for the state. They are not enforceable in courts.

Fundamental Duties

Article 51A lists duties of citizens, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. There are eleven such duties at present.

President of India election

The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college of elected MPs and elected MLAs. The minimum age for the office is 35 years.

Money Bill

A bill dealing only with taxation or government spending. It starts only in the Lok Sabha, on the President's recommendation, and the Rajya Sabha must return it within 14 days.

Council of Ministers

Headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Lok Sabha strength

The Lok Sabha may have up to 552 members: 530 from states and 20 from Union Territories. Two Anglo-Indian nominations lapsed in 2020.

Gross Domestic Product

The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's domestic territory in one year. Intermediate goods are excluded to avoid double counting.

GNP and NNP

GNP equals GDP plus net factor income from abroad. NNP equals GNP minus depreciation, and national income usually refers to NNP at factor cost.

Per capita income

National income divided by total population. It is an average measure and hides inequality in the distribution of income.

Sectors of economy

Primary covers agriculture, mining and fishing; secondary covers manufacturing and construction; tertiary covers services such as trade, transport and banking.

Disguised unemployment

A situation where more workers are engaged than needed, common in family farming. Removing the extra workers does not reduce total output.

Inflation

A sustained rise in the general price level, which reduces the purchasing power of money. India measures it mainly through CPI and WPI.

Reserve Bank of India

India's central bank, established in 1935. It issues currency, controls credit, manages foreign exchange and acts as banker to the government.

Green Revolution

A strategy using high-yielding variety seeds, irrigation and fertilisers to raise food-grain output. It mainly boosted wheat in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.