Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Media and Entertainment cheat sheet

Media sectors: film, television, radio, print, advertising, animation/VFX, gaming, live events, music and digital/OTT streaming.

Value chain stages: ideation → pre-production → production → post-production → distribution → exhibition/monetisation.

Film classification in India is done by CBFC under the Cinematograph Act, 1952; ratings include U, UA, A and S.

Mass media vs. niche media: mass reaches broad undifferentiated audiences; niche targets a defined segment, often via OTT or specialty channels.

Revenue models: theatrical box office, broadcast rights, subscription (SVOD), advertising (AVOD), syndication, licensing and merchandising.

Above-the-line costs = creative talent and rights holders; below-the-line costs = crew, equipment, locations and logistics.

NSQF levels map job roles to defined skill, knowledge and responsibility bands; higher level means greater autonomy and complexity.

Growth drivers: cheap data and smartphones, regional-language content, OTT platforms, animation outsourcing and digital advertising.

Hierarchy of hazard control: elimination → substitution → engineering controls → administrative controls → PPE.

Electrical safety rule: use RCD/ELCB-protected circuits on set; never bypass earthing; tag and lock out faulty equipment.

Manual handling limit rule: use team lifts or trolleys when a load is heavy or awkward; keep the load close and bend the knees, not the back.

Cable management: mat or ramp all floor runs; tape crossings; keep walkways clear to prevent trip and fall injuries.

Fire safety: know extinguisher classes - A (solids), B (flammable liquids), C (gases), D (metals), and CO2/electrical use; keep exits unobstructed.

Hygiene on location: potable water, handwashing points, clean toilets, safe food storage below 5°C or above 60°C, and waste segregation.

Reporting rule: every incident, near miss and injury is logged, and first-aid plus emergency numbers are displayed at the workplace.

Outdoor shoot hazards: heat stress, sun exposure, noise above safe limits, dust, and traffic; control with shade, hydration, hearing protection and hi-visibility vests.

Camera support hierarchy: tripod for locked shots, monopod for mobility, gimbal for smooth motion, shoulder rig for handheld stability.

Lens focal length rule: wide lens exaggerates depth and perspective; long lens compresses background and narrows the field of view.

Audio connectors: XLR for balanced professional mics, TRS/TRRS for line and consumer gear, USB for digital interfaces.

Three-point lighting kit: key light (main), fill light (softens shadows), back/rim light (separates subject from background).

Lighting modifiers: softbox and diffusion enlarge and soften the source; flag and barn doors cut spill; reflector bounces fill.

Microphone types: dynamic (rugged, low sensitivity), condenser (sensitive, needs phantom power), lavalier (clip-on), shotgun (directional).

Storage rule: use fast cards rated for the recording bitrate; format in-camera; back up to two separate drives before wiping.

Grip and safety: sandbag light stands, use C-stands with correct knuckles, and inspect cables and clamps before every shoot.

Script format: scene heading (INT./EXT. - LOCATION - TIME), action lines, character name in caps, dialogue, parentheticals, transitions.

Logline = one sentence naming protagonist, goal, obstacle and stakes; a treatment is a prose summary of the full story.

Story structure: three-act model - setup, confrontation, resolution - with a midpoint turning the protagonist's fortunes.

Shot list columns: shot number, scene, shot size, camera angle, movement, lens, location, notes.

Storyboard purpose: visualises framing and camera movement shot by shot before the shoot day, reducing on-set confusion.

Budget heads: above-the-line, production (crew, equipment, locations), post-production, marketing and distribution, plus contingency (typically 5–10%).

Call sheet contains date, location, crew call times, scene numbers, cast, equipment, contacts and nearest hospital.

Permission rule: obtain location release, talent release and music licences before shooting or publishing.

Exposure triangle: aperture (f-stop), shutter speed and ISO together set exposure; changing one requires compensating another.

180-degree shutter rule: set shutter speed to roughly double the frame rate (e.g., 1/50 s at 25 fps) for natural motion blur.

Shot sizes: extreme wide, wide, medium, close-up, extreme close-up; angles: low, eye-level, high, Dutch tilt, bird's-eye.

Rule of thirds: place key subjects on the intersection points of a 3×3 frame grid; leave looking room in the direction of gaze.

Continuity rule: match eyeline, screen direction and props between shots; the 180-degree line keeps screen direction consistent.

Audio capture: record dialogue close-miked, monitor with headphones, set levels peaking around −12 to −6 dBFS to avoid clipping.

Colour temperature: tungsten ≈ 3200 K (warm), daylight ≈ 5600 K (cool); mismatched sources need white balance or gels.

Graphics on set: lower-thirds identify people; supers give location/time; keep text inside title-safe margins for all screens.

Edit workflow order: ingest and back up → organise and log → rough cut → fine cut → picture lock → sound, colour and graphics → export.

Cut types: hard cut, dissolve, fade, wipe, J-cut (audio leads picture), L-cut (audio trails picture).

Continuity editing: match action, maintain screen direction, and cut on motion or reaction to keep the viewer oriented.

Non-linear editing (NLE) timeline: video tracks stack bottom-to-top visually; audio tracks mix independently; clips can be trimmed non-destructively.

Resolution and aspect: HD 1920×1080 (16:9), 4K UHD 3840×2160, vertical 1080×1920 (9:16); match the delivery platform.

Codec and container: codec compresses the video data; container (.mp4, .mov) wraps video, audio and metadata together.

Audio post: dialogue levelling, music bed ducking, sound effects, then loudness normalisation for the target platform.

Export checklist: correct resolution, frame rate, codec, bitrate, colour space and loudness; verify playback on a second device.

Communication model: sender → encoding → message → channel → receiver → decoding → feedback, with noise as interference.

Active listening: full attention, no interruption, paraphrase to confirm, and ask clarifying questions.

On-set call protocol: use standard terms such as "standby", "rolling", "action", "cut", "back to one"; confirm with a reply.

Chain of command: director leads creative decisions; producer controls budget and schedule; department heads report upward.

Radio discipline: identify yourself, keep transmissions brief, use channel etiquette and never transmit confidential information.

Feedback rule: describe specific behaviour and its effect, and propose an alternative - avoid personal judgement.

Professional conduct: punctuality, confidentiality, respect for co-workers, safe behaviour and correct credit attribution.

Conflict handling: address issues privately, focus on the problem not the person, and escalate to the reporting head when unresolved.

Freelance pricing: quote = day rate × days + equipment hire + travel + contingency; add applicable GST for registered businesses.

Break-even point = fixed costs ÷ (price per unit − variable cost per unit).

Cash flow rule: invoice with clear payment terms, track receivables, and keep a working capital buffer for delayed payments.

Business basics: proprietorship, partnership, LLP and private limited company differ in liability, compliance and capital access.

Portfolio and showreel: 60–90 seconds of best work, clear role credit, and a one-page CV tailored to the target role.

Career pathways: production assistant → coordinator → manager; camera assistant → operator → cinematographer; editor → senior editor → post supervisor.

Interview preparation: research the studio, prepare a showreel, know your role's tools, and give evidence-based answers about past work.

Intellectual property: copyright protects original creative work; register the business, use written contracts and licence music and footage.