Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Power key terms

The linked stages through which electricity passes from fuel or natural source to a paying consumer: generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply, with supporting functions such as regulation, metering and billing.

A licensed utility that takes power from the transmission grid and delivers it over low and medium voltage networks to homes, shops, farms and small industries in its area of supply.

A structured training arrangement in which a young person learns a trade on the job under a skilled supervisor while studying related theory, ending in a recognised trade certificate and often a job.

A national ranking of a skill qualification from 1 to 10 that states how much knowledge, responsibility and autonomy a learner has shown, helping employers compare certificates.

A trade qualification awarded by an Industrial Training Institute after a course such as electrician or wireman, showing the holder has passed practical and theory tests in that trade.

A field worker who erects, maintains and repairs overhead lines and poles, climbs structures, joints conductors and restores supply after faults, working under strict safety clearance rules.

The set of rules, practices and equipment that prevent injury from electric shock, arc flash, fire and falls while people install, operate or repair electrical systems.

A procedure in which the energy source is switched off, the switch or isolator is physically locked, and a warning tag is attached so nobody can re-energise the circuit while work is in progress.

A written authorisation issued by a responsible person before hazardous work starts, naming the circuit, the isolation done, the precautions required and the time limit for the job.

The habit of proving a circuit dead with a tested voltage detector or multimeter before touching conductors, and proving the tester itself on a known live source first.

Wearable gear such as insulating gloves, safety shoes, helmet, goggles and arc-rated clothing that reduces injury when other controls cannot remove a hazard completely.

The safe steps to free a person touching live parts: switch off the supply first, otherwise use dry insulating material to separate them, then give first aid and call for help.

The passage of current through the human body when it bridges two points at different potential, causing burns, muscle contraction, breathing arrest or heart rhythm disturbance depending on current and duration.

The electrical potential difference between two points, measured in volts; it is the push that drives current through a circuit and is measured across components, not through them.

The rate at which electric charge flows past a point in a circuit, measured in amperes; one ampere is one coulomb of charge passing each second.

The opposition a material offers to current flow, measured in ohms; it converts electrical energy into heat and depends on material, length, cross-section and temperature.

For a conductor at constant temperature, the current is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to resistance, written V = I × R.

The ratio of true power in watts to apparent power in volt-amperes in an AC circuit; a low value means more current is drawn for the same useful work.

The product of RMS voltage and RMS current in an AC circuit, measured in volt-amperes; it includes both the power doing useful work and the power shuttling to and from reactive loads.

The commercial unit of electrical energy equal to one kilowatt used continuously for one hour; domestic and agricultural electricity bills are calculated in these units.

A property of a material showing how strongly it resists current for a given length and cross-section, quoted in ohm-metres; copper and aluminium have low values, rubber and porcelain very high ones.

A material with loosely bound electrons that lets current flow easily, such as copper, aluminium and silver; used for wires, cables, busbars and earthing strips.

A material that strongly resists current flow, such as PVC, rubber, porcelain or glass, used to cover conductors or support them so current stays on the intended path.

A conductor made of many thin wires twisted together, which bends easily, resists fatigue from vibration and wind, and is standard for overhead lines and flexible cables.

Choosing a conductor cross-section large enough that voltage drop, heating and short-circuit stress stay within limits, taking account of load current, run length, grouping and installation method.

A handheld instrument that measures voltage, current, resistance and often continuity, selected by a rotary dial and range setting, with test probes placed across or in series with the circuit as required.

An instrument whose jaws are closed around a single conductor to measure current from the magnetic field it produces, without breaking the circuit or making physical contact with live metal.

A test using a megger to apply a high DC voltage between conductors and earth and measure resistance in megohms, proving the insulation is sound before a new installation is energised.

A portable instrument that applies a high DC test voltage, commonly 500 or 1000 volts, to measure insulation resistance in megohms and detect moisture, cracks or contamination in insulation.

A simple two-probe or neon-screwdriver device that indicates the presence or absence of voltage; it must be proved on a known live source before and after each test.

A device installed at a consumer's supply point that integrates power over time and records consumption in kilowatt-hours for billing and load monitoring.

The planned arrangement of cables, conduits, switches, sockets and distribution boards that carries power safely from the meter to every point of use in a building.

A wiring method in which insulated wires are drawn through metal or PVC pipes fixed in walls, ceilings or floors, giving mechanical protection and allowing wires to be replaced later.

A switch with one common terminal and two way terminals that lets a lamp be controlled from either of two positions, as used on staircases and long corridors.

Connecting exposed metal parts and the neutral point of a supply to buried electrodes so fault current flows to ground, tripping protection and keeping touch voltage low.

A fault in which a live conductor accidentally makes contact with earth or with earthed metalwork, producing a large current that protective devices must clear quickly.

A resettable automatic switch in a distribution board that trips on overload by thermal action and on short circuit by magnetic action, protecting cables and circuits without needing fuse replacement.

A protective device that compares current in live and neutral conductors and trips within milliseconds when a small imbalance, typically 30 milliamperes, indicates leakage to earth.

A protective device containing a metal element that melts and breaks the circuit when current exceeds its rating for a set time, giving one-shot protection against overload and short circuit.

A manually operated switch used to disconnect a circuit from the supply for maintenance, designed to carry normal current but not to interrupt fault current.

The production of electrical energy from sources such as coal, gas, hydro, wind or solar, using machines that convert mechanical or radiant energy into electricity at a power station.

The bulk transfer of electricity at high voltage over long distances between generating stations, grid substations and load centres, using overhead lines and step-up transformers.

The final stage of supply that steps voltage down and spreads it through feeders, transformers and service lines to individual consumers at usable voltages.

The reduction in voltage along a conductor caused by its resistance and reactance carrying current, which makes lamps dim and motors overheat if the cable is too long or too thin.

A static machine with two or more windings on a common magnetic core that changes AC voltage and current levels while keeping frequency the same, with no moving parts.

An AC motor in which a rotating magnetic field from the stator induces currents in a rotor and drags it round; rugged and widely used for pumps, fans and workshop machines.

The measurement and recording of energy or demand at a supply point, using meters, current transformers and communication links, as the basis for billing and loss detection.

Exchanging clear, accurate information at work through speech, writing, drawings, signs and reports, including reporting hazards and confirming instructions before acting.

The general capabilities that make a technically trained person easier to hire and keep, such as punctuality, teamwork, problem solving, digital literacy and spoken and written communication.