Haryana BSEH Secondary Physical Education key terms

A planned school subject that uses physical activity and sport to develop a person's body, mind and social behaviour, taught through movement, games, fitness work and theory.

The broad, long-term purpose that guides a whole programme, such as developing the whole person; it is wider than a single lesson and is not measured in one test.

A specific, short-term and measurable target that helps reach an aim, such as improving a student's 50-metre sprint time within one term of training.

A measurable increase in body size, weight or organ mass, such as height gain during adolescence; it is quantitative and can be recorded with a scale or stadiometer.

A progressive change in skill, function and maturity, such as improved coordination or emotional control; it is qualitative and follows a fairly predictable order from head to limb.

The stage between childhood and adulthood marked by the growth spurt and puberty, usually from about 10 to 19 years, when strength, speed and self-awareness change quickly.

The ability to carry out daily tasks with alertness and without undue fatigue, with enough reserve energy left for emergencies and for enjoying leisure-time activity.

The components linked to good health and disease prevention: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition, each trainable and testable.

The components that support sports performance: speed, agility, balance, coordination, power and reaction time; they matter most for athletic movement rather than general health alone.

Body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; it screens weight status for a group but does not measure body fat directly.

An active, deliberate choice of healthy habits across physical, mental, social and emotional areas, so that a person functions well and copes with everyday stress.

The worldwide partnership of athletes, sports bodies and the IOC, guided by the Olympic Charter, that promotes sport with friendship, fair play and understanding between nations.

The official code of the International Olympic Committee that sets the movement's principles, rules and structure, including how host cities are chosen and how disputes are handled.

Five interlocking rings in blue, yellow, black, green and red on white, representing the union of the five inhabited continents and the meeting of athletes at the Games.

The Latin phrase Citius, Altius, Fortius, meaning faster, higher, braver or stronger; it was adopted in 1924 and expresses the athlete's striving for personal best effort.

India's national award for outstanding sports coaches, named after the guru of the Mahabharata, given annually by the Government of India for sustained coaching excellence.

India's national award for consistent, outstanding performance by sportspersons over several years, named after the archer prince of the Mahabharata and given by the Government of India.

India's highest sporting honour, given for spectacular and most outstanding performance over a defined period; it was renamed in 2021 after the hockey legend Dhyan Chand.

A rule in football, hockey and similar games that penalises an attacker positioned illegally ahead of the ball and the second-last defender when a pass is played forward.

In basketball, bouncing the ball continuously with one hand while moving; in football and hockey, close control of the ball with small touches past opponents.

A fast, steeply downward attacking stroke in badminton, tennis and volleyball, played from a high contact point to reduce the opponent's reaction time.

In basketball, an uncontested shot from behind the free-throw line, awarded after certain fouls, worth one point and taken with the clock stopped.

The stroke that starts a rally in badminton, tennis, volleyball and table tennis, delivered from behind the service line or court into the opponent's area under specific rules.

A steady, comfortable body posture practised in yoga, such as Tadasana or Bhujangasana, held with controlled breathing to build strength, balance and flexibility.

The yogic practice of regulating the breath through techniques such as Anulom-Vilom and Bhramari, used to calm the mind, improve lung function and reduce stress.

A non-communicable condition linked to daily habits such as poor diet, inactivity, smoking or stress, for example obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.

A diet supplying all nutrients in the right proportions for a person's age and activity, with carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water in adequate amounts.

A nutrient needed in large amounts to supply energy or build tissue: carbohydrate and fat mainly fuel activity, while protein supports growth and repair of body cells.

Loss of body water beyond what is replaced, causing thirst, dark urine, cramps and reduced performance; it is prevented by drinking before, during and after activity.

Immediate, temporary care given to an injured or ill person before professional help arrives, aimed at preserving life, preventing worsening and promoting recovery.

First-aid routine for soft-tissue injury: rest, ice, compression and elevation, applied early to limit swelling and pain before a graduated return to play.

An injury to the ligaments around a joint caused by a sudden twist or overstretch, producing pain, swelling and stiffness, commonly at the ankle or knee.

A short preparatory phase of light activity and mobility work that raises body temperature, blood flow and joint readiness before the main training or match load.

The combined volume and intensity of exercise in a session or week; it must rise gradually and alternate with recovery so the body adapts without injury or overtraining.

A learned, purposeful movement performed with efficiency, such as a jump shot or a sprint start; it improves through practice, feedback and repetition.

The ability to change direction quickly and accurately while keeping balance, tested by shuttle runs and sharpened by ladder drills, cone work and small-sided games.

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that raises energy expenditure above resting level, including walking, household chores, games and structured exercise.

The International Olympic Committee, a non-governmental body that owns the Olympic Games, sets the Charter and works with national Olympic committees and international federations.