Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF Agriculture flashcards
Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF Agriculture · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Land Equivalent Ratio
- Ratio of land needed in sole cropping to the land needed in intercropping to produce the same yield; a value above one indicates an intercropping advantage.
- Cropping intensity
- Total cropped area divided by net sown area, multiplied by 100; it shows how many crops are grown on the same field in a year.
- Bulk density
- Oven-dry soil mass divided by total soil volume, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre; it indicates compaction and porosity of the soil.
- Cation exchange capacity
- The total negative charge sites on soil particles that hold exchangeable cations, measured in cmol per kilogram; higher values mean greater nutrient retention.
- Economic threshold level
- The pest population density at which the value of crop loss prevented equals the cost of control, so treatment becomes economically justified.
- Pre-harvest interval
- The minimum number of days between the last pesticide application and harvest, set to ensure residues fall below the permitted limit.
- Colostrum
- The first milk secreted after calving, rich in antibodies and nutrients; it must be fed within the first hour to give the newborn passive immunity.
- Effective field capacity
- The actual area a machine covers per unit time in the field, calculated as implement width times speed times field efficiency divided by ten.
- Drip irrigation
- A method that delivers water slowly and directly to the root zone through emitters, reducing evaporation, runoff and weed growth between rows.
- Benefit-cost ratio
- Total returns from an enterprise divided by its total cost; a value above one means the enterprise is profitable at the assumed prices.
- Price spread
- The difference between the consumer price and the producer price of a commodity, covering marketing costs and margins of intermediaries.
- Adoption curve
- The classification of farmers into innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards according to how early they adopt a practice.
- Pesticide label colour codes
- Red indicates extremely or highly toxic, yellow moderately toxic, blue slightly toxic and green low toxicity formulations, based on acute oral toxicity.
- Germination percentage
- The number of normal seedlings produced from one hundred seeds under standard test conditions, expressed as a percentage of seeds tested.
- Critical growth stage
- The crop stage at which water or nutrient stress causes the greatest proportional yield loss, such as crown root initiation in wheat.
- Land equivalent ratio
- A measure comparing the yield of an intercrop with sole crops, calculated as the sum of the ratios of intercrop to sole crop yields for each component.
- Soil pH
- A measure of soil acidity or alkalinity on a logarithmic scale; most plant nutrients are most available between pH 6.0 and 7.5.
- Integrated pest management
- A decision framework combining cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods, using chemicals only when pest populations exceed the economic threshold.
- Rumen pH
- The acidity of the rumen fluid, normally between 6.5 and 7.0; a sharp drop follows sudden high-concentrate feeding and causes acidosis.
- Field efficiency
- The ratio of effective field capacity to theoretical field capacity, expressed as a percentage, reflecting time lost in turning, filling and adjustments.
- Water use efficiency
- The crop yield produced per unit of water applied or consumed, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre, improved by drip and mulching.
- Marketable surplus
- The quantity of produce left after deducting family consumption, seed and other on-farm needs from total production, available for sale.
- Result demonstration
- An extension method that shows the outcome of a new practice in the farmer's field compared with the local practice over a season.
- Personal protective equipment
- Items such as gloves, respirator, goggles and boots worn during pesticide handling to reduce skin and inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals.
- Composite soil sample
- A mixture of several cores taken from different spots in a field, quartered to obtain a representative sample for laboratory analysis.
- Pheromone trap
- A monitoring device baited with a synthetic sex attractant that catches male moths, indicating pest population trends and timing of control measures.
- Fertigation
- The application of soluble fertilizers through a drip irrigation system, delivering nutrients directly to the root zone in controlled amounts.
- Break-even yield
- The yield at which total returns exactly equal total cost of cultivation, leaving neither profit nor loss at the given price.
- Farmer producer organization
- A collective of farmers registered as a company or cooperative that pools produce, negotiates prices and shares marketing benefits among members.
- Method demonstration
- An extension teaching method in which a skilled person shows step by step how to perform a practice, such as seed treatment or sprayer calibration.
- Waiting period
- The interval specified on a pesticide label between application and safe entry into the treated field without protective equipment.
- Seed rate
- The quantity of seed sown per hectare, calculated from the desired plant population, test weight, germination percentage and purity of the seed lot.