Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF IT-ITeS cheat sheet

IT-ITeS stands for Information Technology and Information Technology enabled Services; the sector covers software development, IT support, and outsourced business processes delivered to client organisations.

Commonly listed sub-sectors: IT services (application development, testing, maintenance, consulting), BPM/BPO, software products, and engineering research and development (ER&D) services.

BPO covers rule-based, high-volume work such as call handling, data entry, payroll processing, and tele-verification; KPO covers judgement-based work such as market research, analytics, legal research, and medical coding.

NASSCOM is the Indian IT-ITeS industry body, and SSC NASSCOM is the Sector Skill Council that issues National Occupational Standards and Qualification Packs with QP codes for each job role.

The NSQF is an 8-level framework that ranks learning outcomes by complexity; a Class 12 vocational qualification maps to NSQF level 4, and every Qualification Pack states its own level.

Entry-level job roles include Domestic Data Entry Operator (QP code SSC/Q2211), Domestic Biometric Data Operator, CRM Domestic Voice, Web Developer, Junior Software Developer, and Hardware Service Technician.

Career movement is vertical (operator to senior operator to team leader to process manager) or horizontal (moving into testing, quality, analytics, HR, training, or pre-sales).

Delivery models are onshore, offshore, and hybrid; performance is tracked against SLAs using metrics such as TAT, accuracy, AHT, shrinkage, and CSAT.

Competencies common to all IT-ITeS Qualification Packs: professional communication, customer orientation, teamwork, workplace ethics and confidentiality, data privacy, and health and safety.

Home row: left hand on A S D F, right hand on J K L semicolon; F and J carry raised tactile bumps so the typist can re-anchor without looking at the keyboard.

A standard word is five keystrokes including the space; gross WPM = (total keystrokes divided by 5) divided by minutes elapsed.

Net WPM = gross WPM minus (uncorrected errors divided by minutes); accuracy percentage = (correct characters divided by total characters) multiplied by 100.

Touch typing rule set: eyes stay on the copy or screen, each finger returns to its home key, thumbs strike the spacebar, and Shift is pressed with the little finger of the hand opposite the letter key.

Core shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+A select all, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+F find, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+N new file.

Productivity suites bundle a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation program, database, and mail client; file extensions are .docx/.odt, .xlsx/.ods, .pptx/.odp, and .accdb/.odb respectively.

Data entry controls: Num Lock on for the ten-key pad (home keys 4, 5, 6), Enter to move down, Tab to move right, drop-down validation lists, and double-entry verification for financial data.

Speed-and-accuracy trade-off: an operator who types 30 WPM at 99 percent accuracy produces fewer rejected records than one who types 45 WPM at 92 percent accuracy.

Default page is A4 (21 cm x 29.7 cm) with 2.54 cm (1 inch) margins on all four sides in most suites; margins and paper size are changed from Page Setup or Layout.

Alignment shortcuts: Ctrl+L left, Ctrl+E centre, Ctrl+R right, Ctrl+J justify; Ctrl+B bold, Ctrl+I italic, Ctrl+U underline, Ctrl+F find, Ctrl+H find and replace.

Ctrl+Enter inserts a manual page break; Ctrl+Shift+Enter inserts a column break; a section break is required when pages in the same file need different headers, footers, margins, or orientation.

Applying built-in heading styles enables References > Table of Contents to build an automatic contents list; F9 updates fields such as the TOC after editing.

Mail merge sequence: (1) create or open the main document, (2) connect the data source, (3) insert merge fields, (4) preview results, (5) exclude or edit individual records, (6) finish and merge to a new document, printer, or email.

Merge-field rules: field names must have no spaces, the first row of the data source holds the field names, and the data source may be an Excel sheet, CSV file, Access table, or Outlook contacts list.

Templates store styles, layout, and boilerplate text; Microsoft Word saves them as .dotx and the default global template is Normal.dotm, while LibreOffice Writer uses .ott.

Printing controls: Ctrl+P opens the print dialog, where you set copies, page range (for example 1-3, 7), collation, duplex, paper orientation, and scaling; print preview should be checked before sending to the printer.

Track Changes and Comments record edits and reviewer notes without deleting the original text; Accept or Reject All finalises the document before submission.

Every formula starts with the equals sign; a function is written as =SUM(A1:A10), with arguments separated by commas in English-locale Excel and semicolons in many European locales.

Reference types: A1 relative (both parts shift when copied), $A$1 absolute (neither shifts), A$1 mixed (column shifts, row fixed), $A1 mixed (row shifts, column fixed).

Operator precedence inside a formula: parentheses, then percent and exponent, then multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction, and comparison operators last; =2+3*4 gives 14, =(2+3)*4 gives 20.

Core functions: SUM, AVERAGE (ignores text and blanks), COUNT (numeric cells only), COUNTA (non-empty cells), COUNTBLANK, MAX, MIN, ROUND(number, digits), and PRODUCT.

Conditional logic: =IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false), nestable; =COUNTIF(range, criteria) and =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) apply criteria without filtering.

Error values and causes: #DIV/0! division by zero or an empty divisor, #REF! a deleted or invalid cell reference, #NAME? an unrecognised function or unquoted text, #VALUE! wrong data type, #N/A lookup value not found.

Sorting rearranges the entire row set by one or more keys (multi-level sort uses Sort then Add Level) and can place the header row correctly; filtering hides rows that fail the criterion and leaves the original order intact.

AutoFilter criteria support text, number, and date filters, custom conditions with AND/OR, Top 10 items, and wildcards where asterisk matches any sequence and question mark matches a single character.

Chart selection rule: column or bar for comparing categories, line for a trend over time, pie for parts of one whole at a single moment (one data series only), and scatter for correlation between two numeric variables.

Database objects in a desktop RDBMS are tables (store data), queries (retrieve and act on data), forms (screen-based data entry and editing), reports (formatted printable output), and macros or modules for automation.

A record is one row of related data; a field is one column and holds a single attribute; a field's data type (text, number, date/time, currency, yes/no, memo) determines what it can store.

Key families: primary key (unique identifier for a row), candidate key (any field eligible to be primary), alternate key (candidate not chosen), composite key (two or more fields together), foreign key (references another table's primary key).

Primary key constraints: values must be unique, must not be null, and each table can have only one primary key; an AutoNumber or auto-increment field is a common way to create one.

Referential integrity means every foreign-key value must match an existing primary-key value in the parent table, or be null; it prevents orphan records and blocks deletion of a parent row that is still referenced.

SQL SELECT clause order: SELECT fields FROM table WHERE row condition GROUP BY fields HAVING group condition ORDER BY field ASC or DESC; WHERE filters rows before grouping and HAVING filters after.

Query criteria operators: =, >, <, >=, <=, <> (not equal), BETWEEN a AND b, IN (list), LIKE with wildcards, IS NULL, combined with AND, OR, NOT; text criteria need quotation marks and dates need hash or quote delimiters.

Action queries change data rather than displaying it: update (modify existing values), append (add rows), delete (remove rows), make-table (copy results into a new table); run them only after checking the same criteria in a select query.

First three normal forms: 1NF removes repeating groups so every cell is atomic, 2NF removes partial dependency on part of a composite key, 3NF removes transitive dependency where a non-key field depends on another non-key field.

HTML is HyperText Markup Language; a page has the skeleton ......, and the home page is normally saved as index.html.

Text and structure tags:

paragraph,
line break,

 for preformatted text.

Links and media tags: text for a hyperlink, for an image,

/
with
1. for lists, and with ,

   ,	for tabular data.

Attributes always sit inside the opening tag as name="value"; src is the file path, href is the link target, alt is the alternative text, and title shows a tooltip.

Empty (void) tags have no closing tag:
,

CSS can be applied three ways: inline with a style attribute, internally in a

Multimedia elements and formats: with mp3/ogg, with mp4/webm, or for other content, and images as jpg (photos), png (transparency), gif (animation); file size should be compressed for the web.

Slideshow controls: F5 starts the show from slide one, Shift+F5 from the current slide, Esc ends the show, and the slide master controls fonts, colours, and placeholder positions for every slide created from it.

A transition is the effect between one slide and the next, while an animation is applied to individual objects inside a slide; speaker notes are typed in the notes pane and are not shown on the projected slide.

Presentation file extensions are .pptx (PowerPoint) and .odp (Impress); saving as .ppsx opens the file directly in show mode, and 16:9 is the standard widescreen aspect ratio.

All programs are built from three control structures: sequence (statements in order), selection (if, elif/else, switch), and iteration (while, for, do-while).

Python's input() always returns a string, so numeric input needs int(input()) or float(input()); Java reads input through the Scanner class with nextInt() or nextLine().

Python defines blocks by indentation (usually four spaces) after a colon, whereas Java defines blocks by curly braces and ends every statement with a semicolon.

Selection syntax: Python if condition: / elif condition: / else:; Java if (condition) { } else if (condition) { } else { }, and switch(expression) with case labels and break to prevent fall-through.

Iteration: Python for i in range(start, stop, step) stops before stop, so range(1,5) yields 1, 2, 3, 4; a while loop tests before each pass; Java uses for(init; test; update) and while(condition).

Arrays and lists are zero-indexed: the last element of an array of length n is at index n-1; Python uses len(list) and raises IndexError, Java uses arr.length and throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Numeric operators: / is true division in Python, // is floor division, % returns the remainder so n % 2 == 0 identifies even numbers; == compares values while = assigns.

Java entry point and toolchain: public static void main(String[] args), System.out.println() for output, javac File.java to compile, java File to run; Python runs directly with python file.py and needs no compile step.

Flowchart symbols: oval for start and end, parallelogram for input and output, rectangle for a process, diamond for a decision with one entry and two exits, and circle for a connector; pseudocode is language-neutral logic written before coding.

Employability skills expected by IT-ITeS employers: effective communication, teamwork, problem solving and decision making, self-management, planning and organising, customer orientation, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship.

The communication cycle runs sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback; noise or a barrier at any stage distorts the message.

The 7Cs of communication: clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous; written workplace messages also need a subject line, greeting, body, action, and sign-off.

Barriers are classified as physical (noise, distance, weak network), semantic (jargon, ambiguous words, language difference), psychological (stress, prejudice, lack of attention), and organisational (hierarchy, unclear channels).

Ergonomic setup: monitor top at or just below eye level, screen 50-70 cm away, elbows near 90 degrees, wrists neutral, feet flat, back supported; the 20-20-20 rule is to look 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes.

Electrical and fire safety: do not overload sockets or daisy-chain extension boards, never use water on an electrical fire, use CO2 extinguishers, and apply PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep); the all-in-one emergency number in India is 112.

Green IT practices: enable sleep and power management, switch off peripherals at end of day, print duplex and only when necessary, prefer cloud and virtualisation over idle hardware, and route e-waste to authorised recyclers under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016.

Entrepreneurship basics: an idea is validated by market research, funded through own capital, loans, or investors, and documented in a business plan covering product, target customer, competition, operations, marketing, and financial projections; MSME registration in India is done on the Udyam portal.

A project portfolio for IT-ITeS typically holds the project report, source code or workbook files, datasets used, screenshots of working output, test cases, the presentation slides, and the certificate or assessment sheet.

Project report structure: title page, certificate and declaration, acknowledgement, table of contents, introduction and objective, scope and limitations, tools and technologies used, methodology, testing and results, conclusion, future scope, and bibliography.

SDLC phases to name in the viva: requirement analysis, design, implementation or coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance; a school project usually skips deployment but must still show design and testing evidence.

Testing vocabulary: unit testing checks one module, integration testing checks module interfaces, system testing checks the whole application, acceptance testing checks user requirements; black-box testing uses inputs and outputs only, white-box testing uses the code logic.

Evidence quality rule: every claimed feature must be demonstrable in the submitted file, and every screenshot should carry a meaningful file name and date so the examiner can match it to a requirement.

Viva voce preparation: be able to trace any line of your own code or formula with a sample input, explain why a particular tool, data type, or layout was chosen, and state what you would improve with more time.

Submission checklist: meaningful file and folder names, a working copy on a pen drive plus a cloud backup, macros or external links removed or documented, fonts and images embedded, and a printed report matching the submitted digital files.

A project portfolio for IT-ITeS typically holds the project report, source code or workbook files, datasets used, screenshots of working output, test cases, the presentation slides, and the certificate or assessment sheet.

Project report structure: title page, certificate and declaration, acknowledgement, table of contents, introduction and objective, scope and limitations, tools and technologies used, methodology, testing and results, conclusion, future scope, and bibliography.

SDLC phases to name in the viva: requirement analysis, design, implementation or coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance; a school project usually skips deployment but must still show design and testing evidence.

Testing vocabulary: unit testing checks one module, integration testing checks module interfaces, system testing checks the whole application, acceptance testing checks user requirements; black-box testing uses inputs and outputs only, white-box testing uses the code logic.

Evidence quality rule: every claimed feature must be demonstrable in the submitted file, and every screenshot should carry a meaningful file name and date so the examiner can match it to a stated requirement.

Viva voce preparation: be able to trace any line of your own code or formula with a sample input, explain why a particular tool, data type, or layout was chosen, and state what you would improve with more time.

Submission checklist: meaningful file and folder names, a working copy on a pen drive plus a cloud backup, macros or external links removed or documented, fonts and images embedded, and a printed report matching the submitted digital files.