Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF IT-ITeS key terms

The branch of the economy that provides information technology services and IT-enabled services, including software development, technical support, business process outsourcing, and knowledge processing, delivered to clients in India and abroad.

Business Process Outsourcing: an arrangement in which a company hands over routine back-office work such as data entry, payroll, billing, or customer support to an external service provider that runs and manages the process.

A defined set of duties, responsibilities, and required skills attached to a position in an organisation; in NSQF terms it is described by a qualification pack with clear performance criteria.

A planned sequence of job roles, qualifications, and experience that a person follows to move from an entry-level position to higher responsibility within an industry or occupation.

Typing without looking at the keyboard, using all fingers and relying on muscle memory so that each key is struck by its assigned finger while the eyes stay on the screen.

The eight keys A, S, D, F, J, K, L and semicolon where the fingers rest in touch typing; the F and J keys usually carry raised bumps for locating them without sight.

The process of keying information from source documents or forms into a computer system accurately and quickly, following a fixed format so the records can be stored, searched, and used later.

A speed measure for typing, calculated by dividing the number of words typed by the time taken in minutes; one word is normally taken as five keystrokes including spaces.

A pre-designed document with fixed layout, styles, and placeholder text that is saved and reused as a starting point, so that new documents share a consistent look without rebuilding formatting.

A named collection of formatting settings such as font, size, spacing, and colour that can be applied to text or paragraphs in one click, and updated everywhere at once.

A word-processing feature that combines one main document with a data source, such as a spreadsheet list, to produce many personalised copies like letters or labels, each filled with a different record.

The address of a cell in a spreadsheet, formed from its column letter and row number, for example B7, which is used in formulas to point to that cell's contents.

A cell address locked with dollar signs, such as $B$7, so that when a formula is copied the reference keeps pointing to the same cell instead of shifting.

An instruction typed into a spreadsheet cell that begins with an equals sign and calculates a result from values, cell references, and operators, for example =A2*B2.

A built-in calculation in a spreadsheet that accepts arguments and returns a value, such as SUM, AVERAGE, or COUNT, saving the user from writing the calculation step by step.

Arranging spreadsheet or database records in a chosen order, such as ascending or descending by name, date, or marks, so that patterns and outliers become easier to find.

Temporarily hiding rows that do not meet a condition so only matching records are displayed, for example showing only students who scored above 60, while the hidden data remains intact.

A graphic representation of spreadsheet data, such as a bar, pie, or line chart, that shows relationships, trends, or proportions more clearly than a plain table of numbers.

A field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table; it cannot be left blank and must never repeat a value.

A field in one table that stores the primary key value of another table, creating a link between the two tables and enforcing that related records actually exist.

A request for data from a database, written in a language such as SQL or built visually, that selects, filters, and combines records to answer a specific question.

A screen layout used to enter, view, or edit one record at a time in a database, often built from the underlying table and designed for ease of data entry.

A formatted output that presents selected database or spreadsheet data in a printable layout with headings, grouping, and totals, usually produced from a query or table.

A markup instruction written between angle brackets, such as p or h1, that tells a web browser what kind of content follows and how it should be displayed.

Clickable text, an image, or a button that takes the user to another web page, a file, or a different part of the same document when activated.

The visual effect that plays when a presentation moves from one slide to the next, such as a fade or push, set separately from animations that apply to objects on a slide.

Content that combines two or more media types, such as text with images, audio, video, or animation, used in websites and presentations to inform and hold attention.

A named storage location in a program whose value can change while the program runs; it has a data type and is declared or assigned before it is used.

A control structure that repeats a block of statements while a condition holds or for a fixed number of times, avoiding the need to write the same code repeatedly.

A control structure that runs one block of code if a test is true and optionally another block if it is false, written with if, else-if, and else.

A collection of values of the same type stored under one name and accessed by an index, so that related items such as marks of thirty students can be handled together.

A finite, step-by-step set of unambiguous instructions that solves a problem or completes a task, often written first as pseudocode or a flowchart before coding.

The general workplace abilities that make a person hireable and able to keep a job, including communication, teamwork, problem solving, self-management, and willingness to learn.

The practice of designing, using, and disposing of computers and IT equipment in ways that reduce energy use, electronic waste, and harmful environmental impact.

The study of fitting a workplace and its equipment to the human body, for example correct chair height, monitor position, and posture, to reduce strain and injury.

The activity of spotting an opportunity, taking financial risk, and organising resources to start and run a new business or venture, often as self-employment.

An organised collection of a learner's best work, evidence, and reflections assembled over a course, used to show skills and progress to employers or assessors.

An oral examination in which an examiner questions a candidate about their project or practical work to confirm that the work is their own and clearly understood.