Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF Physical Education key terms

National Skills Qualifications Framework: a national system that arranges qualifications by level and links school subjects such as Physical Education to skill-based, job-oriented learning outcomes.

A compulsory skill component attached to a school subject in which students learn practical, employable tasks related to that field, such as fitness testing, officiating or first aid.

A planned route from school study to employment in the sports sector, for example progressing from a skill certificate to coaching, gym instruction, sports journalism or event management roles.

The standard reference stance in which a person stands upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward and feet together; all body directions are described relative to it.

An imaginary flat surface used to divide the body for description: sagittal divides left and right, frontal divides front and back, and transverse divides upper and lower parts.

An imaginary line about which a body segment turns; a movement occurs in a plane that lies at right angles to the axis, as the knee bends about a transverse axis.

The meeting point of two or more bones, often with cartilage, ligaments and fluid, that allows or limits movement and transmits force between the connected segments.

Tough, slightly elastic connective tissue that joins bone to bone across a joint, holding the joint steady and limiting movement beyond a safe range.

Strong, inelastic cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone and carries the pull of the muscle to produce movement at a joint.

The process in which muscle fibres shorten or develop tension after stimulation, producing movement or holding a position; it may be concentric, eccentric or isometric.

The largest volume of air a person can breathe out after taking the deepest possible breath in; it reflects lung size and is measured with a spirometer.

The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during one normal, quiet breath, roughly half a litre in a resting adult.

The greatest rate at which the body can take up and use oxygen during hard exercise, usually expressed in millilitres per kilogram per minute; a key marker of aerobic capacity.

A by-product formed when muscle breaks down glucose without enough oxygen during intense effort; its build-up is linked to the burning feeling and early fatigue in hard work.

The extra oxygen taken in after strenuous exercise, above resting needs, to restore the body's energy stores and clear waste products built up during the effort.

The ability of the heart, lungs and muscles to supply and use oxygen over a long period of moderate work, allowing sustained activity such as distance running.

The components of fitness linked to good health and reduced disease risk: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition.

Components of fitness that mainly support sports performance rather than health: speed, agility, balance, coordination, power and reaction time.

The ability to change the direction and position of the body quickly and accurately while keeping control, as when dodging an opponent on the field.

The smooth, efficient working together of the senses, nerves and muscles so that movements are performed accurately and with correct timing.

A screening measure calculated as body mass in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; it places adults in underweight, normal, overweight or obese ranges.

An active, deliberate way of living that aims at overall well-being of body, mind and social life, not merely the absence of illness.

A condition whose risk rises with habits such as poor diet, inactivity, smoking or stress; examples include type 2 diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure.

A short period of gentle activity and stretching done before training or competition to raise body temperature, increase blood flow and prepare muscles and joints for effort.

Gentle activity and stretching performed after exercise to help the heart rate fall gradually, ease stiffness and support recovery before the next session.

The total amount of stress placed on an athlete by training, combining how hard, how long and how often sessions are done; it must be raised gradually.

The rule that fitness improves only when training demands slightly more than the body is used to, forcing it to adapt to the higher demand.

The period of rest, sleep and light activity after training during which the body repairs tissues and restores energy, allowing adaptation to occur.

A rigid bar that turns about a fixed point to move or balance a load; in the body the bones act as bars and joints as the turning points.

The point at which the whole weight of a body or object is considered to act; a lower or wider-based centre of gravity gives greater stability.

A state in which the forces acting on a body balance, so it stays still or moves steadily; stability depends on base, height of centre of gravity and mass.

An object or body thrown or struck into the air, such as a ball or a long jumper; its path is shaped by release angle, speed and height, and by gravity and air.

The internal or external drive that starts, directs and sustains behaviour towards a goal; it may be intrinsic, from enjoyment, or extrinsic, from rewards.

A feeling of unease, worry or tension before or during performance; a moderate level can sharpen focus, but too much disturbs coordination and decision-making.

The strength of bonds and shared commitment among members of a team, covering both liking for one another and unity around the team's task.

A diet supplying all nutrients in the right amounts and proportions for the body's needs, drawn from a variety of foods rather than a single food group.

A nutrient needed by the body in large amounts for energy, growth or repair: carbohydrate, protein and fat are the three main examples.

A state in which the body loses more water than it takes in, causing thirst, dark urine, cramps and poorer performance; it is prevented by drinking before, during and after activity.

An injury in which a ligament is overstretched or torn, often at the ankle, causing pain, swelling and loss of movement; first aid uses rest, ice, compression and elevation.

An organised competition in which several teams or players take part over a set period; formats include knockout, league and combination draws.

A scheduled match or contest, or the full list of matches arranged for a tournament, showing who plays whom, where and when.

The right of a player or team to move to the next round without playing, given in a knockout draw when entries do not fit neatly into the bracket.

A rule in games such as football and hockey that penalises a player for being in an advanced position beyond the allowed limit when the ball is played.

An act by a player that breaks the rules of the game, such as illegal contact or handling, for which the referee awards a penalty or free play to the other side.

A standard hand or whistle action used by an official to communicate a decision, such as a foul, a point or a time-out, so that players and spectators understand.

A set of standard measurements, such as a shuttle run, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and a sprint, used to assess several fitness components and compare results with norms.

The systematic judging of a learner's performance of a sports skill against set criteria, usually through a checklist or rating scale during practical work.