BSSC CGL flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Article 32

Right to Constitutional Remedies; allows a citizen to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar.

Dholavira

Harappan site in Gujarat known for its water management system and a large signboard with Indus script. It is located on Khadir Bet island in the Rann of Kutch.

Quit India Movement

Launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942 at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee, demanding an end to British rule in India.

Repo rate

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. An increase in repo rate usually reduces liquidity and controls inflation.

Tropic of Cancer

Latitude 23.5° N that passes through eight Indian states, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.

Eighth Schedule

Lists the official languages of India. Originally it contained 14 languages; the Constitution now recognizes 22 languages under this schedule.

Fiscal deficit

The difference between total government expenditure and total receipts excluding borrowings. It indicates the amount the government needs to borrow to meet its expenses.

Monsoon

Seasonal reversal of winds. The southwest monsoon from June to September brings most of India's rainfall; the northeast monsoon from October to December rains over Tamil Nadu.

Newton's second law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Expressed as F = ma.

Ohm's law

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided temperature remains constant. Expressed as V = IR.

pH scale

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity or alkalinity. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.

Mitochondria

Cell organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration. Often called the powerhouse of the cell because they supply energy for cellular activities.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

SI unit of force

The newton (N). One newton is the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at one metre per second squared (1 N = 1 kg·m/s²).

Insulin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells. Deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus.

Resistors in parallel

For resistors connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance equals the sum of reciprocals of individual resistances: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …

Quadratic formula

For ax² + bx + c = 0, the roots are x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)]/(2a). The discriminant D = b² − 4ac determines the nature of the roots.

Volume of sphere

The volume of a sphere of radius r is (4/3)πr³. Its surface area is 4πr². These formulas are frequently used in mensuration problems.

Simple interest

Interest calculated only on the principal amount: SI = PRT/100, where P is principal, R is rate per annum, and T is time in years.

Compound interest

Interest calculated on both principal and accumulated interest: CI = P(1 + R/100)^T − P. The difference between CI and SI for two years is P(R/100)².

Trigonometric identity

A fundamental identity: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1. Other identities include 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ and 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ.

Average speed

Total distance travelled divided by total time taken. It is not the arithmetic mean of speeds unless the distances or times are equal.

Profit percentage

Profit divided by cost price, multiplied by 100: profit% = (profit/CP) × 100. Selling price = CP × (100 + profit%)/100.

Permutation formula

The number of arrangements of r objects selected from n distinct objects is nPr = n!/(n − r)!. Order matters in permutations.

Combination formula

The number of selections of r objects from n distinct objects is nCr = n!/[r!(n − r)!]. Order does not matter in combinations.

Discriminant

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the discriminant D = b² − 4ac. If D > 0 roots are real and distinct; D = 0 roots are equal; D < 0 roots are imaginary.

Letter position coding

In coding–decoding, assign A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26. The reverse position of a letter is 27 minus its forward position.

Blood relation tree

A diagram using vertical lines for parent–child and horizontal lines for siblings or spouse. It helps solve family relationship puzzles accurately.

Clock angle formula

The angle between the hour and minute hands at H hours and M minutes is |30H − 5.5M| degrees. The minute hand moves 6° per minute.

Syllogism Venn diagram

A method to solve syllogism questions. 'All A are B' means A is inside B; 'Some A are B' means overlap; 'No A is B' means disjoint sets.

Direction sense

A reasoning topic where you track facing direction. Starting from North, a left turn faces West and a right turn faces East. Drawing a compass helps.

Leap year rule

A year divisible by 4 is a leap year, except century years, which must be divisible by 400. A leap year has 366 days, i.e., 52 weeks and 2 odd days.