CG Apex Bank Recruitment key terms

The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Raising it typically cools inflation by making credit costlier.

The rate at which the RBI absorbs surplus liquidity from banks by borrowing from them. It usually sits below the repo rate and forms the lower bound of the liquidity adjustment corridor.

The share of a bank's net demand and time liabilities that must be parked with the RBI as cash, earning no interest. It directly reduces the funds available for lending.

The minimum percentage of net demand and time liabilities a bank must hold in safe liquid assets such as government securities, cash or gold, over and above the cash reserve requirement.

The aggregate of liabilities a bank owes to the public, excluding interbank liabilities, used as the base for computing reserve requirements such as CRR and SLR.

The RBI's framework of repo and reverse repo operations through which banks borrow or park short-term funds, keeping the overnight call money rate within a target corridor.

An emergency window allowing banks to borrow overnight from the RBI against approved government securities at a rate above the repo rate, usually by dipping into SLR holdings.

The rate the RBI charges for long-term lending to banks without collateral, often aligned with the marginal standing facility and used as a reference for penal interest.

A loan or advance on which principal or interest has remained overdue for more than 90 days. Such assets must be classified as substandard, doubtful or loss as per RBI norms.

The total outstanding principal of all loans classified as non-performing, expressed as a percentage of gross advances. It shows asset quality before deducting provisions already made.

Gross non-performing assets minus provisions, interest suspense and other deductions, shown as a percentage of net advances. It reflects the residual risk after provisioning.

The amount a bank sets aside from profits to absorb expected losses on bad loans and standard assets, as prescribed by RBI prudential norms. Higher provisions reduce reported profit.

A 2002 law letting secured creditors enforce security interests without court intervention, including taking possession of mortgaged property, after a loan turns non-performing.

A 2016 law creating a time-bound resolution process for distressed companies, with the National Company Law Tribunal adjudicating and a committee of creditors approving a resolution plan.

The ratio of a bank's capital to its risk-weighted assets, ensuring it can absorb losses. Indian banks follow Basel III norms with a minimum plus capital conservation buffer.

A global regulatory framework on bank capital, leverage and liquidity standards introduced after the 2008 crisis, covering minimum capital, a leverage ratio and liquidity coverage requirements.

The RBI mandate requiring banks to direct a fixed share of credit, typically 40 percent of adjusted net bank credit, to agriculture, MSMEs, education, housing and weaker sections.

A scheme providing farmers short-term crop loans through a card-based revolving credit limit, covering cultivation costs and allied activities at concessional interest with prompt repayment.

An RBI arrangement assigning each district to a designated bank responsible for coordinating credit planning and branch expansion among all banks operating in that district.

Ensuring affordable access to basic financial services such as savings accounts, credit, insurance and payments for excluded groups, pursued in India through Jan Dhan, Aadhaar and mobile linkage.

A 2014 national mission to open basic savings accounts with RuPay cards, overdraft and accident insurance, aiming to bring unbanked households into the formal financial system.

India's domestic card payment network launched by NPCI, issuing debit, credit and prepaid cards that settle within the country and are accepted across ATMs and point-of-sale terminals.

A real-time payment system by NPCI that lets users link bank accounts to a virtual payment address and transfer funds instantly using a mobile app, without entering account details.

The National Payments Corporation of India, a not-for-profit entity that operates retail payment systems including UPI, IMPS, NACH, RuPay and the Aadhaar-enabled payment system.

National Electronic Funds Transfer, a batch-based RBI-operated system for one-to-one fund transfers between banks, settled in half-hourly batches around the clock since 2019.

Real Time Gross Settlement, an RBI system settling high-value interbank transfers individually and instantly, with a minimum transaction threshold of two lakh rupees.

Immediate Payment Service, a 24x7 interbank electronic transfer system run by NPCI, accessible through mobile banking, net banking and ATMs, with a per-transaction limit set by banks.

A clearing process in which an image of a cheque and its data are transmitted electronically instead of the physical instrument, speeding up clearing and reducing fraud risk.

A cheque-fraud control requiring issuers to register key details of high-value cheques with their bank in advance, so the clearing bank can verify them before payment.

The mandatory process of verifying a customer's identity and address using documents such as Aadhaar, PAN or passport, aimed at preventing money laundering and terror financing.

Laws and procedures requiring banks to monitor transactions, keep records and report suspicious activity to the Financial Intelligence Unit to prevent laundering of illicit funds.

A ten-character alphanumeric identifier issued by the Income Tax Department to individuals and entities, widely used for tax filing and as a KYC document for financial transactions.

A twelve-digit unique identity number issued by UIDAI after collecting biometric and demographic data, used for identity verification and direct benefit transfer in banking.

A mechanism routing government subsidies straight into beneficiaries' bank accounts, reducing leakage by linking Aadhaar and bank account details through the Aadhaar Payment Bridge.

A reasoning question type presenting two or more premises with statements like all, some or no, from which the candidate must judge which conclusions logically follow.

A reasoning topic where relationships among family members are described in coded or narrative form, and the candidate must determine how two named persons are related.

A puzzle asking candidates to place persons around a circle or in a row using given positional clues such as facing direction, immediate neighbours and left-right conditions.

A reasoning question where words or numbers are converted into a code by a rule, and the candidate must either decode a given code or apply the rule to a new word.

A sequence mixing letters, digits and symbols, with questions on finding the element at a stated position, counting occurrences, or completing the next term in the series.

A quantitative aptitude set based on a table, bar chart, pie chart or line graph, requiring calculation of ratios, percentages and averages from the given data.

A shortcut technique of rounding numbers to convenient values to quickly estimate answers in quantitative sections, saving time when exact computation is unnecessary.

A fraction expressed per hundred, used to compare quantities and central to problems on profit and loss, simple and compound interest, and data interpretation.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred, without compounding.

Interest calculated on the principal plus accumulated interest from earlier periods, causing the amount to grow faster than under simple interest over multiple periods.

A central Indian state carved out of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 2000, with Raipur as its capital and major mineral and forest wealth, including iron ore and coal.

A district in southern Chhattisgarh known for tribal culture, the Bastar Dussehra festival, dense forests and the Kanger Valley National Park, and a major focus of state welfare schemes.

A wide horseshoe-shaped waterfall on the Indravati river in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh, often called the Niagara of India and a prominent tourist landmark of the state.

A planned greenfield city developed near Raipur as Chhattisgarh's new administrative capital, housing the state secretariat, assembly and several institutional campuses.

System software that manages hardware resources, memory, files and processes and provides services to application programs, examples being Windows, Linux and Android.

Random Access Memory, a volatile primary storage area where the computer holds programs and data currently in use; its contents are lost when power is switched off.

A small, very fast memory placed between the processor and main memory that stores frequently used instructions and data to reduce average access time.

A hardware or software barrier that inspects incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks packets that violate configured security rules, protecting a network from intrusion.

A social engineering attack in which fraudulent emails, messages or websites impersonate a trusted entity to trick users into revealing passwords, card numbers or one-time passwords.

A login method requiring two independent proofs of identity, such as a password plus a one-time password sent to a registered mobile number, adding a layer beyond passwords.

A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context, tested in English sections through direct matching or sentence replacement questions.

A word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word, such as scarce and abundant, tested in vocabulary questions requiring selection of the most contrasting option.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be derived from its individual words, such as to bite the bullet meaning to endure a difficult situation bravely.