CG Mandi Nirikshak key terms

A regulated wholesale marketplace, usually run or licensed by a state Agricultural Produce Market Committee, where farmers bring produce to be auctioned to licensed traders under supervised weighing and payment rules.

Agricultural Produce Market Committee: a statutory body constituted under state agricultural marketing laws to manage a mandi, issue licences, enforce weighing and payment rules, and provide market infrastructure and civic amenities.

A commission agent in a mandi who brings buyer and seller together, conducts or assists the auction, and deducts a commission from the sale proceeds before paying the farmer; also called a dalal or commission agent.

A statutory charge levied by the market committee on the value of produce bought or sold in the mandi, used to fund market infrastructure and services; it is distinct from commission and from any state tax.

The percentage deduction an agent takes from the sale value of a farmer's produce for arranging the sale; state rules often cap this rate, and it is shown separately on the sale document.

A single consignment of produce of one kind and one quality offered together for auction in a mandi; bidding, weighing and payment are recorded lot by lot.

The open bidding process in a mandi by which a lot is sold to the highest bidder; state rules prescribe how bids are called, accepted and recorded so that the farmer gets a transparent price.

A buyer who holds a valid licence from the market committee to purchase notified agricultural produce in the mandi; trading without such a licence is an offence under the state marketing law.

The crops and products listed in the state government's official notification as covered by market regulation, so that their sale in the market area must follow the prescribed mandi rules.

The document prepared after an auction recording the farmer, agent, buyer, lot weight, rate and deductions; it is the basis for payment and for any later dispute or verification.

The supervised weighing of a lot on a verified scale in the mandi, with the weight recorded on the sale document; correct weighment protects the farmer from underpayment.

A price announced by the central government for specified crops, based on the recommendation of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices, under which designated agencies buy produce to protect farmers when market rates fall.

The government purchase of agricultural produce, often at the minimum support price, through designated agencies and centres; in paddy-growing states it is a major channel parallel to the open mandi auction.

A voluntary organisation of members who pool resources for mutual benefit and govern it on the principle of one member, one vote, registered under state cooperative law and subject to audit and regulatory supervision.

A village-level cooperative that provides short-term crop loans and input credit to its member farmers, mobilises small savings, and acts as the base tier of the short-term cooperative credit structure.

A cooperative formed by producers to grade, process, store and sell their members' produce collectively, so that members gain better bargaining power and a larger share of the consumer price.

The state officer who registers cooperative societies, supervises their working, orders audits and inquiries, and can take corrective action against a society that violates cooperative law.

The statutory examination of a cooperative society's accounts and records to check accuracy, legality and financial health; audit findings are placed before the general body and the registrar.

The funds a business or cooperative needs for day-to-day operations such as buying produce, paying wages and meeting storage costs; it is recovered as stock is sold and receivables are collected.

A document issued by a registered warehouse confirming that specified goods of stated grade and quantity are stored there; it can be pledged to obtain credit against the stored produce.

Processing or packaging a raw farm product into a form that fetches a higher price, such as milling paddy into rice or making oil from oilseeds, which raises farmer income and creates local employment.

A system in which the government supplies paddy to a miller and receives a fixed proportion of rice back after milling, paying the miller a conversion charge instead of buying the rice outright.

A central scheme under which the government purchases horticultural and other perishable produce at a support price when market rates crash, sharing the resulting loss with the state government.

A condition in which prices of goods move only modestly over time; for farm produce it is pursued through procurement, buffer stocks, storage and timely market releases.

Reserve quantities of a commodity held by government agencies so that supply can be released in times of shortage or price spike, smoothing prices for both consumers and producers.

The National Agriculture Market, an online trading platform that links regulated mandis across states so that a farmer's lot can be offered to bidders beyond the local market.

Scientific testing of a sample of produce to determine quality parameters such as moisture, foreign matter and grade, so that buyers can bid with confidence on quality.

Sorting produce into uniform classes according to defined quality standards, which allows different prices for different qualities and makes lots easier to sell and to finance.

A small charge collected for marking or stamping lots handled in the mandi, historically linked to the market committee's record-keeping and weighing functions.

A fee paid for the use of a specific mandi facility such as a shop, platform, cold store or loading area, distinct from the general market fee levied on trade.

Short-term credit given to a farmer to meet cultivation expenses such as seed, fertiliser and labour, usually repayable after harvest and often supported by interest subvention.

A scheme that gives farmers a simplified revolving credit facility for crop and allied needs, issued through banks and cooperative institutions with a sanctioned limit and card-based withdrawal.

A cooperative bank at district or state level that provides banking services, including credit to primary societies and members, forming the middle and upper tiers of the cooperative credit structure.

A lending arrangement in which a borrower may draw funds up to a sanctioned limit and repay as funds come in, with interest charged on the amount actually used.

A constitutionally recognised institution of local self-government at village, block or district level, created under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment to manage specified local subjects.

The body of all registered voters of a village within a Panchayat area; it considers reports of the Panchayat and exercises powers given by state law, including approval of certain plans.

The 1992 amendment that added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution, giving Panchayats constitutional status and listing subjects such as agriculture and rural development.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing the state towards social and economic welfare; they are not enforceable in courts but inform legislation and policy.

The enforceable rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution, such as equality, freedom of speech, and protection of life and personal liberty, which courts can protect against state action.

A formal order of a court commanding a person or authority to act or refrain from acting; the Constitution empowers high courts and the Supreme Court to issue writs to enforce rights.

The power of courts to examine laws and executive actions for conformity with the Constitution and to declare them invalid if they violate its provisions.

The supreme law of a country that establishes its institutions, distributes powers, and sets limits on government; in India it is a written document with a federal structure and a bill of rights.

A comparison of two quantities by division and an equation stating that two such comparisons are equal; used to solve problems on mixtures, scales, and sharing amounts in a given ratio.

A fraction expressed with denominator one hundred, used to compare quantities and to express increase, decrease, profit, loss, and rates of interest in everyday calculations.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by the number of quantities; it is used to compare performance and to solve problems where a total is distributed evenly.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, calculated as principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time divided by one hundred.

Interest calculated on the principal plus previously earned interest, so that the amount grows faster than under simple interest over the same period and rate.

A technique for solving problems by first finding the value of a single unit and then multiplying it to obtain the value of the required number of units.

A reasoning question that presents a pair of related items and asks the candidate to find another pair with the same logical relationship, such as part to whole or cause to effect.

A reasoning task in which a sequence of numbers, letters or figures follows a rule and the candidate must identify the missing or next element by detecting that rule.

A reasoning task in which several items share a common property and one item does not, and the candidate must identify the odd one out on the basis of that property.

A reasoning topic in which words or letters are converted into a code by a fixed rule and the candidate must apply or reverse the rule to decode or encode other words.

A reasoning topic in which family relationships are described in words or symbols and the candidate must deduce how two named persons are related to each other.

A reasoning topic involving a person moving in given directions and distances, where the candidate must determine the final position, distance from the start, or facing direction.

A logical reasoning topic in which two or more premises are given and the candidate must decide which conclusions necessarily follow from them, regardless of real-world knowledge.

A reasoning topic in which a short statement is followed by proposed assumptions, and the candidate must judge which assumptions are implicit in the statement as written.