Chandigarh Police Constable flashcards
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- Successive percentage change
- If a quantity changes by a% and then by b%, the net change is a + b + ab/100 percent. Signs matter: a rise and a fall of the same rate always gives a net decrease.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100. Interest is calculated only on the original principal for every year.
- Compound interest two years
- For two years, compound interest minus simple interest equals principal times (rate/100) squared. This shortcut avoids computing the full amount separately.
- Work together formula
- If A alone finishes in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days. The product divided by the sum gives the combined completion time.
- km/h to m/s
- Multiply a speed in kilometres per hour by 5/18 to convert it to metres per second. To reverse, multiply metres per second by 18/5.
- Boat and stream
- Downstream speed equals boat speed plus stream speed, upstream equals boat minus stream. Boat speed is the average of the two and stream speed is half their difference.
- Alligation rule
- The ratio of two quantities mixed is the difference between the dearer price and the mean price, divided by the difference between the mean price and the cheaper price.
- Divisibility by 11
- A number is divisible by 11 when the difference between the sums of digits in alternating positions is zero or a multiple of eleven.
- HCF and LCM product
- For any two positive integers, the product of their HCF and LCM equals the product of the numbers themselves. This helps find an unknown value quickly.
- Clock angle formula
- The angle between the hour and minute hands is the absolute value of 30 times the hour minus 5.5 times the minutes, in degrees.
- Ranking total formula
- When a person is nth from the left and mth from the right in a row, the total number of persons is n plus m minus one.
- Opposite letters
- In the English alphabet, letters whose position numbers sum to 27 are opposites, such as A and Z, B and Y, and C and X.
- Left turn in seating
- In circular seating, a person facing the centre turns left in the clockwise direction, while a person facing outward turns left anticlockwise.
- Syllogism validity rule
- A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible arrangement of the premises. A conclusion true in just one diagram is rejected.
- Leap year weekday shift
- Moving from one year to the next shifts the weekday by one day for an ordinary year and by two days if the intervening year is a leap year.
- Mirror versus water image
- A mirror image swaps left and right while keeping top and bottom fixed. A water image swaps top and bottom while keeping left and right fixed.
- Article 21 right
- Article 21 of the Indian Constitution protects the right to life and personal liberty. It has been interpreted to include privacy, dignity and a clean environment.
- Fundamental Duties article
- Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A, in Part IVA of the Constitution. They were inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
- Chandigarh status
- Chandigarh is a Union Territory and the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana. Its planned sectors were designed under Le Corbusier after 1950.
- Five rivers of Punjab
- The historical Punjab region is named for the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. In Indian Punjab today, only the Beas and Sutlej flow.
- Standard Meridian of India
- India's Standard Meridian is 82 degrees 30 minutes East longitude, which passes near Mirzapur. It fixes Indian Standard Time as five and a half hours ahead of GMT.
- Tropic of Cancer states
- The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
- RBI establishment year
- The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935 and was nationalised in 1949. It issues currency and regulates the banking system.
- Byte and bit
- A bit is a single binary digit, either zero or one. Eight bits make one byte, and one kilobyte equals 1024 bytes in binary measurement.
- RAM versus ROM
- RAM is volatile memory that loses its contents when power is switched off. ROM is non-volatile and retains stored instructions permanently.
- Common shortcut keys
- Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+Z undoes, Ctrl+Y redoes, Ctrl+S saves and Ctrl+P prints the current document.
- LAN and WAN
- A LAN connects devices within a small area such as an office or school. A WAN spans a large geographical area, and the Internet is the largest WAN.
- Gurmukhi script facts
- Gurmukhi is the script used for Punjabi and is written from left to right. Its core set, called Painti, contains thirty-five primary letters.
- Subject-verb agreement traps
- Words such as each, every, either, neither and everyone take a singular verb. The phrase one of the followed by a plural noun also takes a singular verb.
- Active to passive voice
- In the passive voice the object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the doer follows by.
- Idiom once in a blue moon
- The idiom once in a blue moon means something that happens very rarely. It describes an infrequent event rather than a monthly occurrence.
- One word for all powerful
- The word omnipotent describes someone who is all-powerful. Similarly, omniscient means all-knowing and omnipresent means present everywhere at once.