Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Applied Art flashcards

34 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Elements of design

The building blocks of visual composition: line, shape, form, space, texture, value and colour. They are arranged using principles such as balance, rhythm and unity.

Asymmetrical balance

A composition balanced by unequal forms whose visual weight is equal, achieved through size, value, colour or placement rather than mirror symmetry about a central axis.

Golden ratio

The proportion 1:1.618, in which the whole relates to the larger part as the larger part relates to the smaller. Applied to rectangles, layout formats and figure proportion.

Negative space

The ground or empty area surrounding and between positive shapes. Skilled composition designs negative space deliberately so it frames and clarifies the subject.

Two-point perspective

A perspective system using two vanishing points on the horizon line, used when the viewer faces a corner of an object so two sets of receding edges converge.

Foreshortening

The apparent compression of a form along the axis pointing toward the viewer. A limb aimed at the eye is drawn shorter, not narrower, to convey depth.

Gesture drawing

A rapid drawing, usually under two minutes, that captures the action, axis and weight of a pose rather than outline or detail. Used as figure study warm-up.

Pencil grading

The H and B scale: 9H is hardest and lightest, HB is medium, 9B is softest and darkest. HB suits construction lines, 2B to 4B suit shading.

Subtractive colour

Colour produced by pigments or inks absorbing light: cyan, magenta and yellow primaries. Mixing all three in theory yields black; practical printing adds a black ink.

Simultaneous contrast

The shift in a colour's appearance caused by its surround. A grey looks lighter on dark ground and darker on light ground, and shifts warm or cool.

Split-complementary scheme

A colour scheme using one hue plus the two colours adjacent to its complement on the wheel. It retains contrast with less tension than a direct complementary pair.

Tint, shade and tone

Tint is a hue lightened with white; shade is a hue darkened with black; tone is a hue reduced in saturation by adding grey. All three alter value or chroma, not hue family.

Kerning and tracking

Kerning adjusts spacing between individual letter pairs; tracking adjusts uniform spacing across a whole word or line. Leading is the separate vertical line spacing.

X-height

The height of lowercase letters such as x, o and n, measured from baseline to their top. A large x-height improves legibility at small sizes.

Serif and sans serif

Serif typefaces carry finishing strokes at the ends of stems; sans serif faces lack them. Slab serifs are thick and block-like; script faces imitate handwriting.

Measure

The length of a line of type, usually counted in characters. A measure of roughly 45 to 75 characters gives comfortable reading in body text.

AIDA model

A classic advertising sequence: Attention, Interest, Desire, Action. Layout and copy are ordered so each stage leads the reader to the next.

Thumbnail layout

A small, rapid sketch exploring composition and placement of headline, image and copy. Several thumbnails precede the larger rough and the final comprehensive layout.

Call to action

The element of an advertisement that states the specific next step for the viewer, such as visit, buy, call or scan, usually placed with high visual emphasis.

Pattachitra

An Odishan cloth-based scroll painting from Raghurajpur and Puri, using natural pigments on a tamarind and chalk primed cloth, with bold outlines and profile faces.

Palm-leaf etching

An Odishan manuscript tradition in which lines are incised into dried palm leaves and filled with black soot and oil, producing dark linear illustrations on the leaf.

Chandua appliqué

An Odishan textile craft in which coloured fabric shapes are stitched onto a base cloth to form a canopy, traditionally hung above a deity in temple settings.

Dokra casting

A lost-wax bell-metal casting technique used in Odisha and neighbouring regions. A wax model is coated in clay, fired out, and replaced by molten metal.

Saura painting

A wall painting tradition of the Saura community in the Rayagada and Koraput region, using white line figures and geometric motifs on a red or brown ground.

Sarnath lion capital

The Ashokan pillar capital at Sarnath with four addorsed lions on an abacus of wheel and animal figures. Its image is used as the national emblem of India.

Ajanta murals

Buddhist cave paintings, notably the Bodhisattva Padmapani in Cave 1, executed in a tempera-like technique on a lime plaster ground with refined modelling.

Rasa theory

The aesthetic theory from the Natyashastra naming nine rasas, including shringara, karuna, veera and shanta, as the emotional flavours a work of art evokes in the viewer.

Company painting

Indian painting produced for European patrons from the late eighteenth century, combining miniature technique with European perspective, watercolour and documentary subject matter.

Raster versus vector

Raster images store pixels on a fixed grid and lose quality when enlarged; vector images store mathematical paths and scale without loss.

CMYK versus RGB

CMYK is the subtractive print model of cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks. RGB is the additive screen model of red, green and blue light.

Bleed and safe area

Bleed is artwork extending beyond the trim edge, commonly 3 mm, that is cut away. The safe area keeps text clear of the trim.

Bezier path

A vector path defined by anchor points and control handles. Closed paths can be filled; open paths can only be stroked with a line.

Leather-hard clay

The stage of clay when it has stiffened enough to hold shape but still contains moisture, suitable for trimming, joining with slip and carving surface detail.

Hingul and haritala

Traditional Odishan pigment names: hingul is vermilion red and haritala is yellow orpiment. Both are mineral pigments bound with gum or tamarind.