Odisha CHSE +2 VOC-ITV Wireman Control Panel key terms

A fundamental principle stating that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance, expressed as V = I × R.

The electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V), which drives current through a conductor when a closed path exists.

The rate of flow of electric charge past a point in a circuit, measured in amperes (A), typically carried by electrons in a conductor.

The opposition offered by a material to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω), causing electrical energy to be converted into heat.

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed in a circuit, measured in watts (W), calculated as P = V × I for direct current and purely resistive loads.

An alternating current supply with a single sinusoidal voltage waveform, typically 230 V in India, used for domestic and light commercial loads.

An alternating current supply using three sinusoidal voltages displaced by 120 electrical degrees, commonly 415 V between phases in India, used for industrial motors and heavy loads.

A rigid or flexible tube made of polyvinyl chloride used to enclose and protect electrical wires in wiring installations, providing mechanical protection and insulation.

A wiring method where insulated conductors are run inside a wooden or plastic casing and covered with a capping, used for surface wiring in dry indoor locations.

A wiring system in which insulated conductors are run on wooden battens fixed to the wall or ceiling, held by clips, suitable for low-voltage domestic installations in dry areas.

A method of wiring where insulated wires are pulled through metal or PVC conduits embedded in walls or mounted on surfaces, offering good mechanical and fire protection.

A non-conductive material, such as PVC or rubber, covering a conductor to prevent leakage current and protect persons from electric shock.

A material, usually copper or aluminium, that allows electric current to flow easily due to its low resistance and free electrons.

A assembly of one or more insulated conductors enclosed in a protective sheath, used for transmitting electrical power or signals between points.

A standardized measure of the diameter or cross-sectional area of a wire, such as the Indian Standard Wire Gauge, determining its current-carrying capacity.

The intentional connection of exposed metal parts of electrical equipment to the earth, providing a low-resistance path for fault current to protect persons from shock.

A metal rod, plate, or pipe buried in the soil and connected to the earthing system to provide an electrical contact with the earth.

The resistance offered by the soil and earth electrode to the flow of fault current to earth, measured in ohms, which should be low enough to ensure protective devices operate.

An automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect a circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit, and can be reset after tripping.

A sacrificial electrical safety device consisting of a metal wire or strip that melts when excessive current flows through it, thereby interrupting the circuit.

A protective device in a motor circuit that senses excessive current over time and opens the control circuit to stop the motor, preventing overheating and damage.

A sensitive protective device that disconnects a circuit when it detects a small difference between the live and neutral currents, indicating earth leakage, thereby preventing electric shock.

An electrically controlled switch used for switching a power circuit, consisting of a coil, contacts, and often an auxiliary contact block, commonly used in motor control panels.

An electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to mechanically open or close contacts, used for control and isolation in panel circuits.

A combination of devices, such as contactors and overload relays, used to start and stop an electric motor safely and protect it from overload.

A starting method for three-phase induction motors where the motor windings are initially connected in star to reduce starting current and then switched to delta for normal running.

A contact on a contactor or relay that is not part of the main power circuit but is used for control, interlocking, or signaling purposes.

The low-power circuit in a panel that operates contactors, relays, and indicators, typically at a lower voltage than the main power circuit.

A handheld measuring instrument that combines functions of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter, used to measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity in electrical work.

An instrument used to measure the insulation resistance of cables, motors, and other equipment by applying a high direct voltage and measuring the resulting leakage current.

A measuring instrument with a hinged jaw that clamps around a conductor to measure current without breaking the circuit, using the magnetic field produced by the current.

A set of regulations under the Electricity Act that govern the safety, installation, and inspection of electrical systems in India, including earthing and clearance requirements.

Standards published by the Bureau of Indian Standards that specify requirements for electrical products, installations, and practices, such as IS 732 for wiring installations.

The process of calculating the quantities of materials, labor, and costs required for an electrical installation before work begins, based on drawings and specifications.

The determination of the total expenditure for an electrical project, including materials, labor, overheads, and profit, used for preparing quotations and budgets.

Scheduled inspection, testing, cleaning, and servicing of electrical panels and equipment to prevent failures and extend service life, performed at planned intervals.

Procedures and precautions, such as isolating circuits, using personal protective equipment, and following lockout-tagout, to prevent accidents while working on electrical systems.

The exchange of information among workers and supervisors through verbal, written, and digital means to ensure safe and efficient completion of electrical tasks.

The non-technical abilities, such as communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and time management, that enable a person to succeed in the workplace.