CHSE Odisha Vocational Painting key terms

A drawing made by tracing only the outer edge of a form, often without lifting the pencil, to train the eye to observe shape accurately rather than rely on symbols.

A rapid sketch capturing the movement, pose and overall energy of a subject in a few loose lines, used as warm-up and to understand action before detail.

The relative size relationship between parts of a figure or object and the whole, such as the head-to-body ratio used to keep a drawn figure believable.

A system for showing three-dimensional depth on a flat surface, using horizon line, vanishing points and converging lines so that receding forms appear smaller.

The point on the horizon line where parallel receding lines appear to meet in a perspective drawing; one-point and two-point setups each use a different number of them.

The visual compression of a form that points toward the viewer, so a forward-reaching arm looks shorter and wider than one held sideways.

The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to model volume and create a sense of three-dimensional form and dramatic mood in a painting or drawing.

The lightness or darkness of a colour or tone, independent of its hue; a value scale from white to black is used to plan contrast and readable form.

The name of a colour family on the colour wheel, such as red, blue or yellow-green, described without reference to how light, dark or dull it is.

The intensity or purity of a colour; a highly saturated colour is vivid, while lowering saturation by adding grey or its complement makes it muted.

Two colours sitting opposite each other on the colour wheel, such as red and green, which mix to a dull neutral and placed side by side create maximum contrast.

A tint is a colour lightened by adding white, and a shade is a colour darkened by adding black; both change value while keeping the original hue.

A circular arrangement of hues showing primary, secondary and tertiary relationships, used to plan harmonious palettes and to predict the result of mixing two colours.

A colour that cannot be produced by mixing others; in traditional pigment mixing the primaries are red, yellow and blue, from which secondary colours are made.

The film-forming substance in paint that holds pigment particles together and sticks them to the surface, such as gum arabic in watercolour or oil in oil paint.

The finely ground coloured powder that gives paint its hue and hiding power; it is suspended in a binder and may be mineral, organic or synthetic in origin.

The liquid mixed into paint to adjust its working consistency, flow or drying time, for example linseed oil for oils or water and gum for watercolour.

A thin, transparent layer of paint applied over a dry underlayer so light passes through it, producing deep luminous colour without hiding the layer beneath.

A thin, semi-opaque layer of light paint dragged over a darker dry layer, letting some of the underlying colour show through to soften and unify an area.

Paint applied thickly enough that brush or knife marks stand up from the surface, catching light and adding texture and physical presence to the picture.

The prepared base layer applied to a canvas, board or panel before painting, giving the paint a suitable surface and controlling absorbency and brightness.

A white priming mixture traditionally of chalk or gypsum with glue, brushed onto a support to seal it and provide a slightly absorbent painting surface.

The physical material that carries a painting, such as canvas, paper, wood panel or wall; its texture and stability affect how the paint behaves and lasts.

A compositional guide that divides the picture into a three-by-three grid and places key elements near the intersection points for a balanced, dynamic arrangement.

The area of a picture that first draws the viewer's attention, created through contrast, placement, sharpness or isolation so the eye has a clear entry.

The empty or background area around and between subject forms; shaping it deliberately helps define silhouettes and balance a composition.

A small, quick rough drawing used to test several arrangements of shapes and values before committing to a larger final composition.

A proportion of roughly 1 to 1.618, long used in art and design to divide a format or place elements in ratios felt to be naturally harmonious.

A wall-painting technique in which pigment in water is applied to fresh lime plaster, so the colour sets into the wall as it cures and becomes permanent.

A paint made by binding pigment with an emulsion, traditionally egg yolk, which dries quickly to a matte finish and was widely used before oil painting.

An extreme form of chiaroscuro in which most of the picture is plunged into darkness while a single strong light picks out the main figures.

A small, highly detailed painting, often on paper or ivory, associated with Indian court ateliers and Mughal, Rajput and regional schools.

A traditional cloth-based scroll painting of Odisha, made by outlining figures in black and filling flat areas with natural colours, often depicting Jagannath and mythological scenes.

Art made within a community's living tradition, passed down through families or guilds rather than academic training, often serving ritual, decorative or narrative purposes.

Colour obtained from plant, mineral or earth sources, such as indigo, madder or ochre, traditionally used in Indian textile and scroll painting traditions.

A transparent resin solution brushed over a finished painting to protect it from dirt and moisture and to even out differences in surface sheen.

The controlled flow of fresh air through a studio to remove solvent vapours, dust and spray, protecting the artist's lungs and reducing fire risk.

A document supplied with a hazardous product listing its ingredients, health risks, handling precautions and first-aid steps; it should be read before first use.

A paid agreement to create a specific artwork for a client, usually defined by a written brief covering size, subject, price, deadline and delivery terms.

A curated collection of an artist's strongest work, presented physically or online, used to demonstrate range and skill to clients, galleries or admissions panels.

An arrangement in which a gallery displays and sells an artist's work while the artist keeps ownership until sale, after which the gallery takes an agreed percentage.