Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Tourism and Travel Management flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Excursionist

A same-day visitor who travels to a place and returns without an overnight stay; counts as a visitor but not as a tourist in UNWTO terminology.

Push and pull factors

Push factors are internal motivations that make a person want to travel, such as stress or escape; pull factors are destination attributes like beaches, climate or heritage that attract them.

Tourism multiplier

The process by which tourist spending circulates through an economy as direct, indirect and induced spending, generating income beyond the original expenditure, minus leakage.

VFR tourism

Visiting Friends and Relatives tourism, where the main purpose of travel is to stay with family or friends; it often uses less commercial accommodation than leisure tourism.

Konark Sun Temple

A 13th-century temple in Odisha built under King Narasimhadeva I, designed as a giant chariot with carved wheels; a UNESCO World Heritage Site and venue of the Konark Dance Festival.

Chilika Lake

Asia's largest brackish water lagoon, located on Odisha's coast; a Ramsar wetland known for migratory birds and Irrawaddy dolphins sighted near Satapada.

Kalinga architecture

An Odisha temple style with a curvilinear rekha deula tower over the sanctum, a pidha deula hall and a jagamohana porch; seen at Lingaraj and Mukteswar temples in Bhubaneswar.

Butler destination life cycle

A model describing destination evolution through exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and then decline or rejuvenation, used to plan sustainable destination management.

Ramsar site

A wetland of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; in Odisha, Chilika Lake is the best-known example.

Rath Yatra

The annual chariot festival at Puri in Odisha, held in June or July, when deities are carried on huge wooden chariots; a major pilgrimage and tourism event.

Travel agency vs tour operator

A travel agency sells principals' products on commission and takes little product risk; a tour operator assembles its own packages, sets prices and bears the commercial risk.

IATA accreditation

Recognition that allows a travel agency to issue airline tickets through the Billing and Settlement Plan, reporting sales and settling accounts with airlines on a fixed cycle.

FIT and GIT

FIT means Free Independent Traveller, priced per person and flexible; GIT means Group Inclusive Tour, using group size to obtain discounted rates on fixed departures.

Exchange order

A prepaid travel document issued by a tour operator or agency that the client presents to a supplier, such as a hotel or airline, to receive the booked service.

Markup versus margin

Markup is profit as a percentage of cost; margin is profit as a percentage of selling price. Selling price = cost divided by (1 minus margin percentage).

PNR

Passenger Name Record: the airline reservation record holding passenger details, itinerary, fare and ticket status; it is distinct from the e-ticket number.

Meal plans EP CP MAP AP

Hotel meal plans: EP is room only, CP adds breakfast, MAP adds breakfast plus one meal, and AP includes all three meals in the room rate.

RevPAR

Revenue per Available Room, calculated as room revenue divided by rooms available, or as ADR multiplied by occupancy percentage; a key hotel performance indicator.

Star classification of hotels

A voluntary grading by India's Ministry of Tourism from 1-star to 5-star and 5-star deluxe, based on facilities, service standards and safety, with separate heritage categories.

Tatkal quota

A last-minute reservation quota on Indian Railways sold at a premium fare close to departure, intended for urgent travel; refund rules are stricter than for normal bookings.

Occupancy percentage

Rooms sold divided by rooms available, multiplied by 100; it measures how much of a hotel's capacity is used in a given period.

Services marketing mix

The extended marketing mix of product, price, place, promotion plus people, process and physical evidence, used because tourism services are intangible and delivered through staff.

Perishability of tourism services

The characteristic that unsold hotel rooms, seats or tour departures cannot be stored and sold later, so pricing and promotion must manage demand in real time.

SERVQUAL dimensions

Five service quality dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles, used to measure gaps between customer expectations and perceived service.

Market segmentation

Dividing a tourism market into groups by geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioural criteria so that products and promotion can target specific customer needs.

AIDA model

A promotion model describing stages of customer response: Attention, Interest, Desire and Action; tourism campaigns use it to structure advertising and digital content.

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost. In units it is fixed costs divided by contribution per unit (price minus variable cost per unit).

Working capital

Current assets minus current liabilities; tour operators need substantial working capital because suppliers must be paid before clients travel and pay.

Udyam registration

India's online MSME registration giving a business a unique identity and access to government schemes, subsidies and priority-sector lending benefits.

Cash flow versus profit

Profit is revenue minus expenses over a period; cash flow tracks money actually received and paid. A profitable tourism business can fail if cash is tied up.

Primary and secondary data

Primary data is collected first-hand through surveys, interviews or observation; secondary data already exists in reports, statistics or websites and is cheaper but less specific.

Day-wise itinerary

A schedule listing each day's destinations, travel times, activities, meals and accommodation, with contingency options, prepared to quote and deliver a tour.

Industrial exposure report

A written account of a placement or visit covering the host organisation's structure, departments observed, tasks performed and learning linked to classroom theory.