DFCCIL MTS flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

DFCCIL full form

Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited, a Public Sector Undertaking under the Ministry of Railways, incorporated in 2006 to build dedicated freight railway corridors.

Eastern DFC route

Ludhiana (Punjab) to Sonnagar (Bihar), about 1,337 km, funded by the World Bank; it links the northern industrial belt with the eastern coal and mineral region.

Western DFC route

Dadri (Uttar Pradesh) to JNPT (Navi Mumbai), about 1,504 km, funded by JICA; it was the first freight corridor to be fully commissioned.

Article 32

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for enforcement of Fundamental Rights; it is called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution.

Fundamental Duties

Duties listed in Part IVA (Article 51A), added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee; originally ten, now eleven in number.

RBI nationalisation

The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935 and nationalised on 1 January 1949; it is headquartered in Mumbai and issues all currency notes except the one-rupee note.

Opposite letter pairs

In the English alphabet, letters at positions summing to 27 are opposites: A–Z, B–Y, C–X, D–W, and so on, with M–N in the middle; used to crack coding-decoding questions.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion follows only if it is true in every Venn diagram consistent with the given premises; if any valid diagram contradicts it, the conclusion does not follow.

Blood relation notation

Use '+' for male and '−' for female, a horizontal line for siblings and a vertical line for parent-child; 'only son of my mother' refers to the speaker if the speaker is male.

Direction sense coordinates

Take North as +y, South as −y, East as +x and West as −x; the shortest final displacement from the start is the square root of x² + y².

Number series test order

Check constant differences first, then constant ratios, then growing differences (squares, cubes, primes), and finally alternating or two-interleaved-series patterns.

Seating arrangement anchor

Fix the person with the most constraints first, then place others relative to that anchor; in circular arrangements facing the centre, left and right are reversed compared with facing outward.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a% and b% produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent; a 20% rise then a 20% fall gives a net 4% fall.

Profit percentage formula

Profit percent equals (SP − CP)/CP × 100; when a profit of p% is made, SP = CP × (100 + p)/100; discount percent equals (MP − SP)/MP × 100.

CI minus SI for two years

For two years the difference between compound interest and simple interest equals P(R/100)², where P is the principal and R the annual rate percent.

Speed unit conversion

To change km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18; to change m/s to km/h multiply by 18/5; 36 km/h equals 10 m/s.

Combined work formula

If A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days; alternatively take the LCM of x and y as total work units.

HCF and LCM relation

For two positive integers, HCF × LCM equals the product of the two numbers; use this to find the missing value when three of the four quantities are known.

Sphere and cylinder volume

Volume of a sphere is (4/3)πr³ and of a cylinder is πr²h; curved surface area of a cylinder is 2πrh and total surface area is 2πr(r + h).

Weighted average formula

Weighted average equals the sum of (weight × value) divided by the sum of weights; it is used for mixture and alligation problems.

Partnership profit sharing

In a partnership, profit shares are proportional to capital multiplied by the time invested; a partner with twice the capital for half the time gets an equal share.

Article usage rule

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by sound not spelling: an hour, a university, an MBA, a European.

Subject-verb agreement traps

'One of the' plus plural noun takes a singular verb; 'the number of' takes a singular verb while 'a number of' takes a plural verb.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has/have plus the past participle; it expresses a past action with present relevance, as in 'She has finished her work'.

Passive voice formation

Move the object to subject position, use the correct form of 'be' plus the past participle, and add 'by' with the original subject if needed.

Direct to indirect speech

Shift tense one step back, change pronouns to match the reporter, and replace time and place words: now becomes then, today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day.

संज्ञा के भेद

संज्ञा के पाँच भेद हैं - व्यक्तिवाचक (राम, दिल्ली), जातिवाचक (नदी, लड़का), भाववाचक (मिठास, बचपन), समूहवाचक (सेना, भीड़) और द्रव्यवाचक (सोना, पानी)।

सर्वनाम के भेद

सर्वनाम के छह भेद हैं - पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, संबंधवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक और निश्चयवाचक; उदाहरण - मैं, आप, जो, कौन, कोई, कुछ।

वाच्य के भेद

वाच्य के तीन भेद हैं - कर्तृवाच्य (कर्ता प्रधान), कर्मवाच्य (कर्म प्रधान) और भाववाच्य (भाव प्रधान); 'मोहन ने पत्र लिखा' कर्तृवाच्य है।

दीर्घ संधि

जब दो स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ स्वर बनते हैं तो दीर्घ संधि होती है; जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय, सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय।

क्रिया के भेद

क्रिया के मुख्य भेद सकर्मक (कर्म लेने वाली, जैसे 'रोटी खाना') और अकर्मक (कर्म न लेने वाली, जैसे 'सोना') हैं; इसके अलावा प्रेरणार्थक और संयुक्त क्रिया भी होती है।