DSSSB AE cheat sheet

Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12–35); Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art. 32) was called the 'heart and soul of the Constitution' by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

The Preamble was amended once, by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, which added 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity'.

Directive Principles of State Policy sit in Part IV (Articles 36–51) and are non-justiciable; Article 44 is the Uniform Civil Code directive.

The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body under Article 324; NITI Aayog is an executive (non-constitutional) body.

First in India: President Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, woman Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, woman President Pratibha Patil, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1913).

DSSSB was constituted under the Government of NCT of Delhi; Delhi's administrative head is the Lieutenant Governor, and the elected house is the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

National sports awards: Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna (highest), Arjuna Award, Dronacharya Award (coaches), Dhyan Chand Award (lifetime achievement).

Static geography anchors: Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states; the Standard Meridian of India is 82°30'E passing near Mirzapur.

Number series: check successive differences, then ratios, then alternating/prime-square patterns before assuming a single rule.

Alphabet positions: A=1 … Z=26; reverse position = 27 − forward position (e.g., E=5, reverse=22).

Coding-decoding with a constant shift: decode one known word first to fix the shift, then apply it to the target word.

Blood relations: draw a small family tree; vertical line = parent-child, horizontal = spouse, and mark gender symbols explicitly.

Direction sense: use a coordinate grid; final displacement = √(net east-west² + net north-south²).

Syllogism: a conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some' does not imply 'all'.

Odd-one-out and analogy: identify the relation class (part-whole, synonym, worker-tool, cause-effect) before comparing options.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M| degrees; a normal year shifts the weekday by 1, a leap year by 2.

Percentage change = (new − old)/old × 100; successive changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent.

Simple interest = PRT/100; compound interest amount = P(1 + R/100)^T, compounded annually.

Profit/loss percentage is always computed on cost price unless the question states otherwise; SP = CP × (100 ± P%)/100.

Speed, time, distance: distance = speed × time; convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18.

Average = sum of quantities / number of quantities; combined average of groups uses weighted sums, not the mean of means.

Work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days; use LCM of days as total work units.

Mensuration: circle area = πr², circumference = 2πr; cylinder volume = πr²h, curved surface = 2πrh; sphere volume = (4/3)πr³.

Ratio and mixture: alligation gives the ratio of quantities as (mean − cheaper) : (dearer − mean).

संधि: स्वर संधि (दो स्वरों के मेल से), व्यंजन संधि, और विसर्ग संधि - जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष (उत्तर पद प्रधान), द्वंद्व (दोनों पद प्रधान), बहुव्रीहि (अन्य पद प्रधान), अव्ययीभाव (पूर्व पद अव्यय)।

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है; प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है - जैसे 'अनु' + 'सार' = अनुसार।

तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत से अपरिवर्तित आए हैं; तद्भव शब्द उनके परिवर्तित रूप हैं - जैसे अग्नि (तत्सम) और आग (तद्भव)।

वाक्य शुद्धि में लिंग, वचन, कारक और क्रिया-काल का अन्विति (agreement) जाँचें।

मुहावरे का अर्थ शब्दशः नहीं, लाक्षणिक होता है - जैसे 'आँख का तारा' का अर्थ 'बहुत प्यारा'।

अलंकार: अनुप्रास में व्यंजन की आवृत्ति, उपमा में 'सा/जैसा' से तुलना, और रूपक में अभेद आरोप होता है।

विलोम, पर्यायवाची और अनेकार्थी शब्द प्रश्नों में संदर्भ से अर्थ तय करें; 'कर' जैसे शब्द अनेकार्थी हैं।

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; phrases between them (along with, as well as) do not change the number.

Articles: 'a/an' before singular countable nouns (an before vowel sound), 'the' for definite or unique reference.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) links past action to present; past perfect marks the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.

Direct to indirect speech: shift tense one step back and adjust pronouns and time words (today → that day, tomorrow → the next day).

Idioms: 'once in a blue moon' = very rarely; 'to beat around the bush' = to avoid the main point.

One-word substitutions: 'altruist' = one who works for others' welfare; 'philanthropist' = one who donates to good causes.

Cloze and comprehension answers must follow the passage's stated facts, not general knowledge.

Ohm's law: V = IR; power P = VI = I²R = V²/R; in series R adds, in parallel 1/R adds reciprocally.

Kirchhoff's laws: KCL (sum of currents at a node = 0) and KVL (sum of voltages around a loop = 0).

Three-phase: line voltage = √3 × phase voltage in star; line current = √3 × phase current in delta.

Transformer EMF equation: E = 4.44 f N Φm; ideal transformer has V1/V2 = N1/N2 = I2/I1.

DC motor back EMF Eb = V − IaRa; torque is proportional to flux × armature current.

Stress = force/area, strain = change in length/original length; Young's modulus E = stress/strain in the elastic region.

First law of thermodynamics: dQ = dU + dW; for an isothermal process dU = 0, for an adiabatic process dQ = 0.

Reynolds number Re = ρVD/μ; Re < 2000 is laminar pipe flow, Re > 4000 is turbulent.

Surveying: included angle = FB of next line − BB of previous line; the sum of interior angles of a closed traverse with n sides = (2n − 4) × 90°.