DSSSB Nursing Officer key terms

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, speech, life, and religion. Courts can enforce them, and they apply mainly against the State.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Indian Constitution that direct governments to promote welfare, social justice, and development. They are not enforceable in courts but guide lawmaking and policy.

The opening statement of the Indian Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and listing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as its objectives.

The three-tier system of local self-government in rural India, established by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, operating at village, block, and district levels with elected bodies.

A formal change to the text of the Indian Constitution, made under Article 368 by Parliament with special majorities, and in some cases ratified by state legislatures.

A flagship Indian government programme combining rural and urban health missions to strengthen primary healthcare, maternal and child health, immunisation, and disease control across states.

India's national vaccination drive providing free vaccines against major preventable diseases to pregnant women and children, delivered through public health facilities and community health workers.

A rural mother-and-child care centre run under the Integrated Child Development Services, offering supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-ups, and preschool education.

A form of logical reasoning in which two premises are given and a conclusion must be tested for validity. Questions ask which conclusion necessarily follows from the statements.

A technique for solving syllogism and set-based reasoning questions by drawing overlapping circles that represent the statements and checking whether a conclusion holds in every possible arrangement.

A reasoning question that describes family relationships in coded or narrative form and asks the candidate to identify how two named persons are related.

A reasoning topic where words, letters, or numbers are replaced by a rule-based code, and the candidate must apply or reverse the rule to decode or encode a new item.

A question type presenting a sequence of numbers, letters, or figures following a hidden pattern, where the candidate must identify the missing or next term.

A question that states a relationship between one pair of items and asks the candidate to find another pair sharing the same relationship, testing relational thinking.

A reasoning item listing several items that share a common property, with one item that does not fit; the candidate must identify the exception.

An unstated idea that must be true for a given statement or argument to make sense. Assumption questions ask which of the listed options is implicitly taken for granted.

A reasoning topic in which a person moves through turns and distances, and the candidate must determine the final direction or shortest distance from the starting point.

A puzzle where people are placed in rows or around a table under given conditions, and the candidate must deduce the complete arrangement or answer a positional question.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. Percentage problems involve converting between fractions, decimals, and percents and finding increases or decreases.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal. These concepts solve sharing, mixing, and scaling problems.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. Average questions often involve changes when a value is added, removed, or replaced.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal × rate × time ÷ 100, without compounding.

Interest calculated on both the principal and previously earned interest, so the amount grows each period according to the compounding frequency.

Problems relating the distance travelled, the speed of travel, and the time taken, using distance = speed × time, including relative speed and train-crossing cases.

Problems about the time taken by individuals or groups to finish a task, based on the idea that work rates add when people work together.

Commercial arithmetic covering cost price, selling price, profit, loss, and discount, usually expressed as a percentage of the cost price or marked price.

The least common multiple is the smallest number divisible by each given number; the highest common factor is the largest number dividing each. Both are used in fraction and grouping problems.

दो वर्णों के मेल से उत्पन्न परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय। प्रश्नों में संधि-विच्छेद और संधि का नाम पूछा जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं। परीक्षा में समास-विग्रह तथा समास के भेद जैसे तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व और बहुव्रीहि पूछे जाते हैं।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के आगे जुड़कर उसके अर्थ में परिवर्तन या विशेषता लाता है, जैसे 'प्र' + 'हार' = प्रहार। उपसर्ग से बने शब्दों की पहचान पूछी जाती है।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया अर्थ या भाव उत्पन्न करता है, जैसे 'लड़क' + 'पन' = लड़कपन। प्रत्यय के भेद कृत् और तद्धित हैं।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जो अपने शब्दों के शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न लाक्षणिक अर्थ देता है, जैसे 'आँख का तारा' का अर्थ अत्यंत प्रिय। प्रश्नों में मुहावरे का अर्थ पूछा जाता है।

जनसमाज में प्रचलित ऐसा सूक्तिपूर्ण वाक्य जो अनुभवजन्य जीवन-सत्य व्यक्त करता है, जैसे 'अंधों में काना राजा'। इसका अर्थ और प्रयोग पूछा जाता है।

वे शब्द जिनका अर्थ एक-दूसरे के विपरीत होता है, जैसे दिन का विलोम रात है। शब्द-ज्ञान के प्रश्नों में विलोम और पर्यायवाची सामान्यतः पूछे जाते हैं।

जिन शब्दों के अर्थ समान या लगभग समान होते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची कहते हैं, जैसे जल, नीर, पानी। परीक्षा में किसी शब्द के समानार्थी शब्द चुनने होते हैं।

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language, such as 'begin' and 'commence'. Synonym questions test vocabulary breadth.

A word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word, such as 'expand' and 'contract'. Antonym questions test precision in word meaning.

A fixed group of words whose meaning cannot be understood from the individual words, such as 'to let the cat out of the bag' meaning to reveal a secret.

A single word that replaces a longer phrase or description, such as 'philanthropist' for a person who donates generously to good causes. Common in English vocabulary sections.

Two ways of presenting the same action: active voice places the doer first, passive voice places the receiver first, usually with a form of 'be' plus the past participle.

Direct speech quotes a speaker's exact words in quotation marks, while indirect speech reports them without quotes, shifting pronouns, tense, and time references accordingly.

The grammatical rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, so a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

A question type in which a sentence is divided into parts and the candidate identifies the part containing a grammatical, spelling, or usage error.

A passage with certain words removed, each blank to be filled by the most suitable option, testing reading comprehension and awareness of grammatical and lexical context.