ESIC Nursing Officer flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele rule

Estimated date of delivery is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days plus 1 year.

Rule of nines adult

Head 9%, each arm 9%, each leg 18%, anterior trunk 18%, posterior trunk 18%, perineum 1%; used to estimate burn surface area.

Parkland formula

Fluid for burns in first 24 hours equals 4 mL multiplied by body weight in kg multiplied by percentage burn; half is given in the first 8 hours.

Apgar score components

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration, each scored 0 to 2 at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Therapeutic digoxin range

Serum digoxin therapeutic range is 0.5 to 2 ng/mL; toxicity causes nausea, visual halos and bradycardia, so check the apical pulse first.

Heparin antidote

Protamine sulphate reverses heparin; heparin therapy is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time, targeting 1.5 to 2.5 times control.

Warfarin antidote

Vitamin K reverses warfarin; therapy is monitored by INR with a usual target of 2 to 3 for most indications.

Paracetamol antidote

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for paracetamol overdose and is most effective when given within 8 hours of ingestion.

Opioid overdose triad

Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression and coma indicate opioid overdose; naloxone is the specific antidote.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability and raised creatine kinase after antipsychotics; stop the drug and give dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Serotonin syndrome features

Agitation, hyperreflexia, clonus, tremor and fever after serotonergic drugs; stop the offending drug and provide supportive care.

Lithium therapeutic range

Serum lithium range is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L; toxicity causes tremor, vomiting and ataxia, so monitor levels and renal and thyroid function.

Delirium tremens timing

Alcohol withdrawal delirium occurs 48 to 96 hours after the last drink, with tremor, hallucinations, fever and tachycardia; treat with benzodiazepines and thiamine.

Pressure ulcer stages

Stage 1 non-blanchable erythema, stage 2 partial-thickness loss, stage 3 full-thickness loss with visible fat, stage 4 exposed bone, tendon or muscle.

Normal adult vital signs

Temperature 36.5 to 37.5 C, pulse 60 to 100 per minute, respirations 12 to 20 per minute, blood pressure under 120/80 mmHg, oxygen saturation 95 to 100%.

Hand hygiene five moments

Before patient contact, before aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after touching patient surroundings.

Holliday-Segar maintenance fluid

Daily paediatric maintenance is 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg and 20 mL/kg for each kg thereafter.

Kangaroo mother care

Skin-to-skin contact with exclusive breastfeeding for low-birth-weight newborns; it reduces hypothermia, infection and mortality.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and overriding aorta; squatting relieves cyanotic spells.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure 160/110 mmHg or higher, headache, visual changes, right upper quadrant pain, or proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Magnesium sulphate antidote

Calcium gluconate reverses magnesium toxicity; monitor deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and urine output during infusion.

Postpartum haemorrhage definition

Blood loss over 500 mL after vaginal birth or over 1000 mL after caesarean birth; uterine atony is the commonest cause.

Cold chain temperatures

Oral polio vaccine is stored at minus 20 C; most other vaccines are kept at 2 to 8 C. Freeze-sensitive vaccines include hepatitis B and DPT.

Incidence versus prevalence

Incidence counts new cases arising in a period; prevalence counts all existing cases at a point or over a period.

Infant mortality rate

Deaths of infants under 1 year per 1000 live births in the same year; neonatal mortality counts deaths under 28 days.

Levels of prevention

Primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary; primary includes immunisation and health promotion, secondary includes screening and early diagnosis.

Autoclave standard cycle

Sterilisation at 121 C and 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes; hot air oven sterilises at 160 C for 2 hours.

Koch postulates

The organism is found in all cases, isolated in pure culture, causes disease when inoculated, and is recovered again from the host.

Energy values of nutrients

Carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kcal per gram, fat provides 9 kcal per gram; alcohol provides about 7 kcal per gram.

Cardiac output formula

Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume; normal resting output is about 5 litres per minute.

Normal arterial blood gases

pH 7.35 to 7.45, bicarbonate 22 to 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 35 to 45 mmHg, PaO2 80 to 100 mmHg.

Successive discount formula

Two successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b minus ab/100 percent, not the simple sum.