Federal Bank PO cheat sheet

Syllogism: 'All A are B' + 'All B are C' gives 'All A are C'; 'Some A are B' + 'All B are C' gives 'Some A are C'; two 'Some' premises yield no definite conclusion.

Blood relations: draw a tree using + for male, − for female, horizontal line for siblings, vertical line for parent-child; a question mentioning 'only son of my mother' resolves to the speaker or speaker's brother.

Seating arrangement: for circular facing-centre, left is clockwise and right is anticlockwise; facing-outside reverses both. Fix one person, then place others relatively.

Coding-decoding: compare code words with common letters; if 'CAT' = 3120 and 'MAT' = 1320, the shared letters T and A map to shared digits, isolating the changed letter.

Inequalities: P > Q ≥ R < S gives P > R and Q ≥ R but no relation between P and S; only chain-link symbols in the same direction give a definite conclusion.

Series completion: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes, then alternating sub-series at odd and even positions before assuming a single pattern.

Computer fundamentals: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; binary 1011 equals decimal 11.

Input devices feed data in (keyboard, mouse, scanner), output devices emit results (monitor, printer), and both RAM and ROM are primary memory while a hard disk is secondary storage.

Percentage change = (new − old)/old × 100; to reverse a 20% increase, multiply by 5/6, not subtract 20%.

If A is x% more than B, then B is [x/(100 + x)] × 100 percent less than A; the two percentages are never equal unless x = 0.

Average = total/sum of items; if every value rises by k, the average rises by exactly k, and combined average of groups = (n1·a1 + n2·a2)/(n1 + n2).

Profit and loss: SP = CP × (100 + profit%)/100; successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b − ab/100 percent.

Simple interest = P·R·T/100; compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; CI exceeds SI in year two by P(R/100)².

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, make b common (8) to get a:b:c = 8:12:15.

In a pie chart, central angle for a category = (category value/total) × 360°, so a 25% share corresponds to 90°.

For tables with mixed units, convert all rows to one unit before computing shares; a common trap is a row given in thousands while totals are in lakhs.

RBI was established on 1 April 1935 under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, and was nationalised on 1 January 1949.

Monetary policy is set by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), chaired by the RBI Governor; it targets CPI inflation of 4% within a 2%–6% band.

CRR is the share of net demand and time liabilities kept with RBI as cash; SLR is held in approved securities such as government bonds; both are set by RBI.

Repo rate is the rate at which RBI lends to banks against securities; reverse repo is the rate at which RBI absorbs liquidity from banks.

Basel III norms prescribe minimum common equity Tier-1 capital of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%.

NPA classification: a loan overdue for more than 90 days is a non-performing asset; substandard, doubtful, and loss assets are its progressive stages.

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 governs cheques, bills of exchange, and promissory notes; a cheque is valid for three months from its date.

Priority sector lending target for scheduled commercial banks is 40% of adjusted net bank credit, with 18% for agriculture and 7.5% for micro enterprises.

Subject-verb agreement: 'one of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb, as in 'One of the officers is absent'; collective nouns take a singular verb when acting as a unit.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds judged by pronunciation - 'an hour', 'a university', 'an MBA'.

Tenses: 'since' and 'for' with a present perfect or present perfect continuous verb; 'had' plus past participle marks the earlier of two past actions.

Prepositions: 'comprise' takes no 'of'; 'discuss' takes no 'about'; 'married to', 'composed of', 'superior to', 'prefer to' are fixed collocations.

Error spotting: check the verb form after modal auxiliaries (bare infinitive), after 'to' (infinitive), and after prepositions (gerund).

Reading comprehension: locate the keyword in the passage, then verify the option against the exact sentence; extreme words such as 'always' or 'never' usually mark wrong options.

Para jumbles: find the opener (no pronoun or definite article referring back), then link sentences through pronouns, connectors, and repeated nouns.

Cloze test: read the whole paragraph first, then choose the option that fits both the grammar of the blank and the overall tone of the passage.

Time and work: if A finishes in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days; use LCM of days as total work to avoid fractions.

Speed, time, distance: distance = speed × time; km/h × 5/18 = m/s; average speed for equal distances = 2xy/(x + y), not the arithmetic mean.

Boats: downstream speed = boat + stream, upstream = boat − stream; boat speed = (down + up)/2, stream speed = (down − up)/2.

Permutation and combination: nPr = n!/(n − r)! for arrangement, nCr = n!/[r!(n − r)!] for selection; words with repeated letters divide by the factorial of repeats.

Probability: P(E) = favourable outcomes/total outcomes; P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B); independent events multiply.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; surface area of sphere = 4πr².

Mixtures and alligation: ratio of cheap to dear = (dear − mean):(mean − cheap), used for blending problems.

Number system: divisibility by 3 or 9 depends on the digit sum; by 11 on the difference between alternating digit sums; LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers.

Syllogism: 'All A are B' and 'All B are C' gives 'All A are C'; two 'Some' premises give no definite conclusion.

Blood relations: use + for male, − for female, horizontal for siblings, vertical for parent-child; 'only son of my mother' resolves to the speaker or his brother.

Circular seating facing centre: left is clockwise, right is anticlockwise; facing outward reverses both directions.

Coding-decoding: compare two code words sharing letters to isolate the digit or letter for the changed character.

Inequalities: only symbols in the same direction chain into a definite conclusion; P > Q ≥ R < S gives P > R but no relation between P and S.

Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Input devices feed data in (keyboard, scanner); output devices emit results (monitor, printer); RAM and ROM are primary, hard disk is secondary.

Percentage change = (new − old)/old × 100; reversing a 20% rise needs multiplication by 5/6.

If A is x% more than B, B is x/(100 + x) × 100 percent less than A.

Combined average of two groups = (n1·a1 + n2·a2)/(n1 + n2); adding a constant k to every value raises the average by k.

Successive discounts a% and b% equal one discount of a + b − ab/100 percent.

CI − SI for two years = P(R/100)²; SI = P·R·T/100.

Pie chart central angle = (category/total) × 360°, so 25% equals 90°.

If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, make b common to get a:b:c = 8:12:15.

Convert mixed units (thousands vs lakhs) to one unit before computing shares in a table.

RBI began operations on 1 April 1935 under the RBI Act, 1934, and was nationalised on 1 January 1949.

The six-member MPC, chaired by the RBI Governor, targets CPI inflation of 4% within a 2%–6% band.

CRR is the cash share of net demand and time liabilities held with RBI; SLR is held in approved securities.

Repo is RBI lending to banks against securities; reverse repo is RBI absorbing liquidity from banks.

Basel III requires minimum common equity Tier-1 of 4.5% plus a 2.5% capital conservation buffer.

A loan overdue more than 90 days is an NPA; stages are substandard, doubtful, and loss assets.

A cheque is valid for three months from its date under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

Priority sector lending target is 40% of adjusted net bank credit, including 18% for agriculture.

'One of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb: 'One of the officers is absent'.

Use 'an' before vowel sounds by pronunciation: 'an hour', 'an MBA', but 'a university'.

'Since' and 'for' pair with present perfect or present perfect continuous; 'had + past participle' marks the earlier past action.

Fixed collocations: 'comprise' takes no 'of', 'discuss' takes no 'about', and 'married to', 'superior to', 'prefer to' are correct.

After modals use the bare infinitive; after prepositions use the gerund.

In reading comprehension, extreme options with 'always' or 'never' are usually wrong.

Para jumbles: the opener has no backward-referring pronoun or definite article; link sentences by pronouns and connectors.

Cloze test: read the full paragraph before choosing, so the option fits both grammar and tone.

Time and work: A and B together take ab/(a + b) days; use the LCM of days as total work.

Speed conversion: km/h × 5/18 = m/s; average speed over equal distances = 2xy/(x + y).

Boats: boat speed = (downstream + upstream)/2; stream speed = (downstream − upstream)/2.

nPr = n!/(n − r)! for arrangements; nCr = n!/[r!(n − r)!] for selections; divide by factorials of repeated letters.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B); independent events multiply.

Circle area = πr², circumference = 2πr; sphere surface area = 4πr²; cylinder volume = πr²h.

Alligation ratio of cheap to dear = (dear − mean):(mean − cheap).

Divisibility by 3 or 9 uses the digit sum; by 11 uses the alternating digit-sum difference; LCM × HCF = product of the numbers.