Federal Bank PO flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Syllogism 'All A are B'

A universal affirmative premise placing every member of set A inside set B. Combined with 'All B are C', it yields the valid conclusion 'All A are C' by transitivity.

Blood relation notation

A shorthand diagram where plus denotes male, minus female, a horizontal line siblings, and a vertical line parent-child. It prevents confusion when a question chains several relationships in one sentence.

Circular seating direction rule

When people face the centre, a person's left is clockwise and right is anticlockwise. When they face outward, both directions reverse, so always confirm the facing before placing anyone.

Inequality chain conclusion

A definite conclusion needs symbols pointing the same way. From P > Q ≥ R < S you can infer P > R, but no relation between P and S exists because the chain breaks at the less-than sign.

Byte and bit

One byte equals eight bits. Storage units scale by 1024: 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB. Binary 1011 equals decimal 11.

Primary versus secondary memory

RAM and ROM are primary memory accessed directly by the CPU; RAM is volatile and loses data on power-off. Hard disks and SSDs are secondary storage, retaining data permanently.

Reverse percentage change

A 20% increase multiplies a value by 1.2, so to recover the original multiply by 1/1.2, that is 5/6. Subtracting 20% from the increased value gives the wrong answer.

Successive discount formula

Two successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b − ab/100 percent. For 10% and 20%, the effective discount is 28%, not 30%.

Pie chart central angle

The angle for a category equals its share of the total multiplied by 360 degrees. A category holding 25% of the total therefore occupies a 90-degree sector.

Weighted combined average

The average of two groups equals (n1·a1 + n2·a2)/(n1 + n2), where n is group size and a is group average. A simple mean of the two averages is wrong unless sizes match.

CI minus SI two years

For two years the difference between compound and simple interest equals P(R/100)², where P is principal and R the annual rate. It grows quickly with higher rates.

Ratio bridging rule

When two ratios share a term, equalise that term's value. If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, make b equal 12 to obtain a:b:c = 8:12:15.

RBI establishment

The Reserve Bank of India commenced operations on 1 April 1935 under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. It was nationalised on 1 January 1949.

Monetary Policy Committee

A six-member committee chaired by the RBI Governor that sets the policy repo rate. It targets consumer price inflation of 4% within a flexible band of 2% to 6%.

CRR versus SLR

CRR is the proportion of net demand and time liabilities banks keep as cash with the RBI. SLR is the proportion held in approved securities such as government bonds.

Repo and reverse repo

Repo is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to banks against securities. Reverse repo is the rate at which the RBI absorbs surplus liquidity from banks.

Basel III capital requirements

Basel III sets minimum common equity Tier-1 capital at 4.5% of risk-weighted assets, plus a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%, giving 7% core equity in total.

Non-performing asset definition

A loan or advance becomes a non-performing asset when principal or interest is overdue for more than 90 days. It then progresses through substandard, doubtful, and loss categories.

Cheque validity period

Under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, a cheque is payable within three months from the date written on it. Banks return stale cheques presented after that period.

Priority sector lending target

Scheduled commercial banks must lend 40% of adjusted net bank credit to priority sectors, including 18% to agriculture and 7.5% to micro enterprises.

Subject-verb with 'one of'

The phrase 'one of the' followed by a plural noun takes a singular verb because the subject is 'one'. Example: 'One of the officers is absent.'

Article choice by sound

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation. So 'an hour' and 'an MBA' but 'a university' and 'a European'.

Present perfect with since and for

Use present perfect or present perfect continuous with 'since' for a starting point and 'for' for a duration. 'Had plus past participle' marks the earlier of two past events.

Fixed preposition collocations

Certain words take set prepositions: 'comprise' takes none, 'discuss' takes none, while 'married to', 'composed of', 'superior to', and 'prefer to' are standard.

Gerund after prepositions

A verb following a preposition takes the -ing form, as in 'before leaving' or 'good at solving'. After modal auxiliaries, by contrast, use the bare infinitive.

Extreme option trap

In comprehension questions, options containing absolutes such as 'always', 'never', or 'all' are usually incorrect because passages rarely support unqualified claims.

Para jumble opener

The first sentence of a jumbled paragraph usually contains no pronoun or definite article referring backward. It introduces the topic and can stand alone.

Time and work formula

If A completes work in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days. Taking the LCM of the days as total work removes fractions.

Speed unit conversion

To convert kilometres per hour to metres per second, multiply by 5/18. For equal distances travelled at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x + y).

Boats and streams

Downstream speed equals boat speed plus stream speed; upstream equals boat speed minus stream speed. Boat speed is their average, stream speed half their difference.

Combination versus permutation

nCr = n!/[r!(n − r)!] counts selections where order is irrelevant. nPr = n!/(n − r)! counts arrangements where order matters. Repeated letters require dividing by their factorials.

Alligation rule

To blend two ingredients at prices, the ratio of cheaper to dearer quantity equals (dearer − mean):(mean − cheaper), where mean is the desired mixture price.