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Federal Bank PO practice questions

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Question 1Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a certain code, the word BANK is written as CBOL. Using the same rule, how is LOAN written?

  1. KPBO
  2. MPBN
  3. MPBO Correct answer.
  4. MPAO

Explanation

Each letter of the word is replaced by the next letter in the English alphabet: B→C, A→B, N→O, K→L. Applying the same shift to LOAN gives L→M, O→P, A→B, N→O, producing MPBO.

Question 2Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Pointing to a photograph, Ravi said, 'She is the daughter of the only son of my mother.' How is the girl in the photograph related to Ravi?

  1. Daughter Correct answer.
  2. Niece
  3. Cousin
  4. Sister

Explanation

The only son of Ravi's mother is Ravi himself, so the daughter of that son is Ravi's own daughter. The phrase 'only son of my mother' is a self-reference used in blood-relation puzzles.

Question 3Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which of the following is the binary representation of the decimal number 45?

  1. 110101
  2. 101011
  3. 101101 Correct answer.
  4. 100101

Explanation

Converting 45 by successive division by 2 gives remainders 1,0,1,1,0,1 read upwards, which yields 101101. Checking the place values 32+8+4+1 confirms the total is 45.

Question 4Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A series of instructions that a computer performs to complete a task is most precisely called a:

  1. Protocol
  2. Register
  3. Compiler
  4. Program Correct answer.

Explanation

A program is an organised set of instructions that directs the processor to carry out a task. Compilers, registers and protocols are components used while executing or transmitting data, not the instruction set itself.

Question 5Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Statements: All pens are books. Some books are red. Conclusions: I. Some pens are red. II. Some books are pens. Which conclusion follows?

  1. Neither I nor II follows
  2. Only II follows Correct answer.
  3. Both I and II follow
  4. Only I follows

Explanation

'All pens are books' converts validly to 'Some books are pens', so conclusion II holds. The red books may lie entirely outside the pen set, so conclusion I is only a possibility and does not definitely follow.

Question 6Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a row of 40 students facing north, Arun is 11th from the left end. What is his position from the right end?

  1. 30th Correct answer.
  2. 28th
  3. 29th
  4. 31st

Explanation

For a row of n people, position from the right equals n minus position from the left plus one. Here 40 − 11 + 1 = 30, so Arun is 30th from the right.

Question 7Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

What does the acronym SQL stand for in the context of database systems?

  1. Sequential Query Logic
  2. Standard Quality Link
  3. Structured Query Language Correct answer.
  4. System Query Layer

Explanation

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, the standard language used to define, query and manipulate data in relational databases. The other expansions are invented phrases that do not describe any database standard.

Question 8Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Find the next term in the series: 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?

  1. 121
  2. 127 Correct answer.
  3. 129
  4. 125

Explanation

Each term equals the previous term multiplied by 2 and then increased by 1: 3×2+1=7, 7×2+1=15, and so on. Applying the rule to 63 gives 63×2+1 = 127.

Question 9Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A candidate must create a password using the letters of the word 'COMPUTER' such that all vowels occupy even positions. How many vowels does the word contain?

  1. Three Correct answer.
  2. One
  3. Two
  4. Four

Explanation

The word COMPUTER contains the vowels O, U and E, giving three vowels in total. The remaining letters C, M, P, T and R are consonants, so the vowel count is exactly three.

Question 10Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a certain code language, 'water is life' is written as 'pa ta ka' and 'life is beautiful' is written as 'ka ta ma'. Which code word stands for 'beautiful'?

  1. pa
  2. ma Correct answer.
  3. ka
  4. ta

Explanation

Comparing the two sentences, 'life' and 'is' appear in both, so they correspond to two of ka and ta. The word found only in the second sentence is 'beautiful', and the code found only there is ma, so beautiful = ma.

Question 11Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which logic gate produces a HIGH output only when both of its inputs are HIGH?

  1. OR gate
  2. XOR gate
  3. NOR gate
  4. AND gate Correct answer.

Explanation

The AND gate outputs 1 only for the input combination 1,1 and outputs 0 for every other combination. This matches the condition that both inputs must be HIGH.

Question 12Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Five friends P, Q, R, S and T sit in a line facing north. Q is to the immediate right of P. T is at the extreme left end. R is between Q and S. Who sits in the middle?

  1. R
  2. S
  3. P
  4. Q Correct answer.

Explanation

With T at the extreme left, the order T-P-Q-R-S places Q third, which is the middle seat of five. The clues fix P immediately left of Q and R between Q and S, leaving no alternative arrangement.

Question 13Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

What is the primary function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in a local network?

  1. Encrypting data before transmission
  2. Routing packets between different networks
  3. Mapping an IP address to a MAC address Correct answer.
  4. Assigning IP addresses to hosts automatically

Explanation

ARP resolves a known IPv4 address into the corresponding hardware MAC address so that frames can be delivered on the local link. Automatic address assignment is done by DHCP, encryption by security protocols, and inter-network routing by routers.

Question 14Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A sum of money is distributed among A, B and C in the ratio 2:3:5. If C receives 300 more than A, what is the total amount distributed?

  1. 1000
  2. 1500 Correct answer.
  3. 1800
  4. 1200

Explanation

Let the shares be 2x, 3x and 5x. Since C minus A equals 3x = 300, x = 100, so the total 10x equals 1000... wait, recompute: 5x − 2x = 3x = 300 gives x = 100 and total 10x = 1000.

Question 15Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which of the following storage types is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when power is switched off?

  1. RAM Correct answer.
  2. ROM
  3. Flash drive
  4. Hard disk

Explanation

RAM is volatile semiconductor memory that holds data only while power is supplied. ROM, hard disks and flash drives are non-volatile and retain their stored data without power.

Question 16Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

If in a certain code 'DISTRICT' is written as 'TIRTSID', which operation has been applied?

  1. Shifting each letter by two places
  2. Writing the word in alternate letters
  3. Interchanging the first and last letters only
  4. Reversing the letters of the word Correct answer.

Explanation

Reading DISTRICT backwards gives TIRTSID, so the entire letter order has been reversed. No substitution or partial swap would produce this exact result.

Question 17Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A statement is given: 'All successful candidates practise reasoning daily.' Which of the following is a valid inference?

  1. No successful candidate practises reasoning daily
  2. Only unsuccessful candidates practise reasoning daily
  3. Some who practise reasoning daily are successful candidates Correct answer.
  4. All who practise reasoning daily are successful candidates

Explanation

From 'All A are B' we can validly infer 'Some B are A' provided A is non-empty, so some daily practitioners are successful candidates. The reverse universal claim and the negative claims are not supported by the original statement.

Question 18Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 2F?

  1. 49
  2. 47 Correct answer.
  3. 31
  4. 45

Explanation

In hexadecimal, F represents 15, so 2F equals 2×16 + 15 = 32 + 15 = 47. Each hexadecimal digit is weighted by a power of 16 starting from the right.

Question 19Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Six people A, B, C, D, E and F sit around a circular table facing the centre. If A sits opposite D and B sits opposite E, who sits opposite C?

  1. D
  2. B
  3. F Correct answer.
  4. A

Explanation

With six seats, the three pairs of opposite positions must cover all six people. Since A-D and B-E are already paired, the only remaining pair is C-F, so F sits opposite C.

Question 20Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In the context of operating systems, what is 'virtual memory'?

  1. A technique that uses disk space to extend available main memory Correct answer.
  2. A physical chip installed to increase RAM capacity
  3. A backup copy of files stored on the cloud
  4. A cache built into the processor for fast access

Explanation

Virtual memory lets the operating system use part of secondary storage as an extension of RAM, swapping pages between disk and memory. It is a management technique, not an additional physical chip or a file backup service.

Question 21Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A clock shows 3:30. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand?

  1. 60 degrees
  2. 90 degrees
  3. 75 degrees Correct answer.
  4. 105 degrees

Explanation

At 3:30 the minute hand points at 6 (180 degrees) and the hour hand has moved half an hour past 3, giving 3×30 + 15 = 105 degrees. The difference is 180 − 105 = 75 degrees.

Question 22Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A printer is shared on a network and several users send jobs simultaneously. Which component of the operating system manages these jobs in an orderly queue?

  1. Loader
  2. Spooler Correct answer.
  3. Scheduler
  4. Compiler

Explanation

The spooler buffers print jobs on disk and feeds them to the printer one at a time, forming an orderly queue. The scheduler allocates CPU time to processes, while loaders and compilers handle program loading and translation.

Question 23Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Statements: Some managers are leaders. No leader is a clerk. Conclusions: I. Some managers are not clerks. II. No manager is a clerk. Which conclusion follows?

  1. Only II follows
  2. Neither I nor II follows
  3. Only I follows Correct answer.
  4. Both I and II follow

Explanation

The managers who are leaders cannot be clerks, so at least some managers are not clerks and conclusion I holds. Conclusion II overgeneralises, because managers who are not leaders could still be clerks.

Question 24Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a family, X is the brother of Y, Y is the sister of Z, and Z is the father of W. If W is a girl, how is Y related to W?

  1. Aunt Correct answer.
  2. Mother
  3. Sister
  4. Grandmother

Explanation

Y is a sibling of Z, and Z is W's father, so Y is W's aunt. The gender of W does not change this relationship, only whether Y is an aunt by blood.

Question 25Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A data structure follows the Last-In-First-Out principle and supports push and pop operations. Which structure is it?

  1. Linked list
  2. Binary tree
  3. Queue
  4. Stack Correct answer.

Explanation

A stack removes the most recently inserted element first, which is exactly Last-In-First-Out behaviour implemented through push and pop. A queue is First-In-First-Out, while linked lists and trees are general structures without this fixed order.

Question 26Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a certain code, each letter of the word 'BANKING' is replaced by the letter that comes two places later in the English alphabet. What is the resulting code word?

  1. DCPMKQI
  2. DCPMKOI Correct answer.
  3. DCPMKPI
  4. DCPNKPI

Explanation

Shifting each letter two places forward: B→D, A→C, N→P, K→M, I→K, N→P, G→I. Applying this consistently to all seven letters gives DCPMKPI, so the code word must follow the same two-step shift for every position.

Question 27Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A bank's core system records a login event as a sequence: the user ID is followed by a timestamp, then the branch code. If the branch code is always three digits and the timestamp is always six digits, which format string correctly describes the record pattern?

  1. [A-Za-z]*[0-9]{3}[0-9]{6}
  2. [0-9]+[A-Za-z]{6}[0-9]{3}
  3. [A-Za-z]+[0-9]{6}[0-9]{3} Correct answer.
  4. [A-Za-z]+[0-9]{3}[0-9]{6}

Explanation

The user ID is alphabetic, then a six-digit timestamp, then a three-digit branch code, so the pattern is letters followed by six digits followed by three digits. Only the option with [0-9]{6} before [0-9]{3} after the letters matches this order.

Question 28Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a certain code language, 'risk is managed' is written as 'lo pe nu' and 'managed by bank' is written as 'nu ra ti'. Which code stands for 'managed'?

  1. ra
  2. pe
  3. lo
  4. nu Correct answer.

Explanation

The word 'managed' appears in both statements, and the only code common to both code groups is 'nu'. Therefore 'nu' represents 'managed', while the remaining codes map to the other words.

Question 29Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Pointing to a photograph, a bank officer says, 'She is the daughter of the only son of my grandfather.' How is the girl in the photograph related to the officer if the officer is male?

  1. Daughter
  2. Niece
  3. Sister Correct answer.
  4. Cousin

Explanation

The only son of the officer's grandfather is the officer's father. The daughter of the officer's father is therefore the officer's sister, assuming the officer is male and the girl is a sibling.

Question 30Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A bank has branches in five cities arranged from west to east: A, B, C, D and E. C is east of B but west of D. E is west of A. A is west of B. Which city is the westernmost?

  1. E Correct answer.
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B

Explanation

From the clues, E is west of A, A is west of B, B is west of C, and C is west of D. Ordering from west to east gives E, A, B, C, D, so E is the westernmost city.

Question 31Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Five clerks P, Q, R, S and T are seated in a row facing north. R sits at the extreme right. Q sits second to the left of R. T sits immediately left of Q. Who sits at the extreme left?

  1. Q
  2. S
  3. T
  4. P Correct answer.

Explanation

With R at position 5, Q is second to its left at position 3, and T is immediately left of Q at position 2. The remaining seats 1 and 4 are held by P and S, and since S is not otherwise constrained, P occupies position 1 as the extreme left.

Question 32Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Eight candidates sit around a circular table facing the centre. If A sits third to the left of B, and B sits opposite C, how many people sit between A and C when counted clockwise from A?

  1. One
  2. Three Correct answer.
  3. Two
  4. Four

Explanation

With eight seats, A being third to the left of B places A three positions anticlockwise from B. C is four positions from B, so counting clockwise from A to C passes through three intervening seats.

Question 33Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A banking app's security layer stores a four-digit PIN. If the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 are used exactly once and the PIN must be even, how many distinct PINs are possible?

  1. 6
  2. 24
  3. 12 Correct answer.
  4. 8

Explanation

An even PIN must end in 2 or 4, giving 2 choices for the last digit. The remaining three digits can be arranged in 3! = 6 ways, so the total is 2 × 6 = 12.

Question 34Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A data-entry operator types records in a queue. Each record is processed by a rule: if the record number is divisible by 3, add 1; otherwise subtract 1. Starting from 10 and applying the rule once, what is the result?

  1. 12
  2. 11
  3. 10
  4. 9 Correct answer.

Explanation

Ten is not divisible by 3, so the rule requires subtracting 1. Applying the rule once gives 10 − 1 = 9.

Question 35Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A series of transaction IDs follows the pattern 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?. Which number continues the series?

  1. 42 Correct answer.
  2. 40
  3. 36
  4. 44

Explanation

The differences between consecutive terms are 4, 6, 8 and 10, increasing by 2 each time. The next difference is 12, so 30 + 12 = 42.

Question 36Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A bank's IT policy states: 'All servers that store customer data are encrypted.' Which conclusion follows necessarily from this statement?

  1. A server that is not encrypted does not store customer data. Correct answer.
  2. Some servers that store customer data are not encrypted.
  3. Every encrypted server stores customer data.
  4. All encrypted servers are secure.

Explanation

The statement says storing customer data implies encryption. Its contrapositive is that a server without encryption cannot be one that stores customer data, which is exactly the first option.

Question 37Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Statements: All auditors are analysts. Some analysts are programmers. Which conclusion definitely follows?

  1. No auditor is a programmer.
  2. Some programmers are analysts.
  3. All programmers are auditors.
  4. Some analysts are auditors. Correct answer.

Explanation

Since all auditors are analysts, the set of auditors is contained within analysts, so at least some analysts are auditors. The second statement about programmers does not force any relation with auditors.

Question 38Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A candidate must choose a password from the set {F, G, H, J, K}. If the password must contain G and must not contain H, and must be a three-letter selection without repetition, how many valid passwords exist?

  1. 9
  2. 3
  3. 6 Correct answer.
  4. 12

Explanation

G is fixed, H is excluded, leaving F, J and K as the pool. Choosing the other two letters from three gives 3 combinations, and each arrangement can be ordered in 3! = 6 ways, but since G is fixed the count is 3 × 2 = 6.

Question 39Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A bank's firewall rule allows traffic only if the source IP is in the trusted list AND the port is 443. A request arrives from a trusted IP on port 8080. What does the rule do?

  1. It blocks the request because the IP is not trusted.
  2. It allows the request because port 8080 is also secure.
  3. It blocks the request because the port condition fails. Correct answer.
  4. It allows the request because the IP is trusted.

Explanation

An AND condition requires both parts to be true. The IP condition is satisfied but the port is 8080 rather than 443, so the combined condition is false and the request is blocked.

Question 40Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which number system is used internally by digital computers because it maps directly to the two states of a logic circuit?

  1. Decimal
  2. Hexadecimal
  3. Octal
  4. Binary Correct answer.

Explanation

Digital circuits have two stable states, on and off, which correspond directly to the binary digits 1 and 0. Binary therefore represents hardware states without conversion.

Question 41Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In a relational database, which key uniquely identifies each row and cannot contain null values?

  1. Candidate key
  2. Alternate key
  3. Foreign key
  4. Primary key Correct answer.

Explanation

A primary key is the chosen unique identifier for a table and is defined to reject null values. Other keys may be unique but are not necessarily enforced as the table's main identifier.

Question 42Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A bank wants each branch to have exactly one manager and each manager to serve exactly one branch. Which relationship type best describes this?

  1. Many-to-one
  2. Many-to-many
  3. One-to-one Correct answer.
  4. One-to-many

Explanation

Both directions are constrained to a single entity, so one branch maps to one manager and one manager maps to one branch. This is the definition of a one-to-one relationship.

Question 43Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which protocol translates a human-readable domain name such as a bank's website into an IP address?

  1. DHCP
  2. FTP
  3. SMTP
  4. DNS Correct answer.

Explanation

The Domain Name System resolves domain names to IP addresses so clients can reach the correct server. DHCP assigns addresses, while FTP and SMTP handle file transfer and mail.

Question 44Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A user reports that a web page loads slowly while other sites load normally. Which layer of the OSI model is most directly involved in resolving the site's address before the page can load?

  1. Physical layer
  2. Session layer
  3. Data link layer
  4. Application layer Correct answer.

Explanation

Name resolution and HTTP requests operate at the application layer, which is where the browser initiates the lookup and request. Physical and data link layers handle transmission, not address resolution logic.

Question 45Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

In an operating system, which scheduling approach gives the CPU to the process with the smallest expected run time first?

  1. First come first served
  2. Round robin
  3. Priority scheduling
  4. Shortest job first Correct answer.

Explanation

Shortest job first selects the process with the least estimated burst time, reducing average waiting time. The other policies order processes by arrival, time slice or assigned priority.

Question 46Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A process is waiting for a resource held by another process, which in turn waits for a resource held by the first. What condition is this?

  1. Thrashing
  2. Starvation
  3. Paging
  4. Deadlock Correct answer.

Explanation

A circular wait in which each process holds a resource the other needs is a classic deadlock. Thrashing and paging relate to memory pressure, while starvation is indefinite postponement without a cycle.

Question 47Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

Which of the following best describes the role of a digital signature in an online banking transaction?

  1. It verifies the sender's identity and confirms the message was not altered. Correct answer.
  2. It compresses the message to reduce transmission time.
  3. It stores the message permanently for audit purposes.
  4. It encrypts the entire message so that no one can read it.

Explanation

A digital signature uses the sender's private key to produce a value that recipients can verify with the public key, confirming authenticity and integrity. Confidentiality through encryption is a separate function.

Question 48Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A phishing email claims to be from a bank and asks the customer to confirm credentials via a link. Which control most directly reduces the risk of credential theft in this case?

  1. Sharing the link with colleagues for opinions
  2. Increasing the password length only
  3. Multi-factor authentication on the banking account Correct answer.
  4. Disabling the browser's pop-up blocker

Explanation

Multi-factor authentication requires a second factor beyond the password, so stolen credentials alone are insufficient to access the account. Longer passwords help but do not stop a credential-capture page from harvesting them.

Question 49Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A spreadsheet cell contains the formula =IF(A2>=60,"PASS","FAIL"). If A2 holds 60, what does the cell display?

  1. An error value
  2. FAIL
  3. PASS Correct answer.
  4. 60

Explanation

The condition A2>=60 is true when A2 equals 60, so the IF function returns its first result, PASS. The FAIL branch applies only when the condition is false.

Question 50Reasoning and Computer Aptitude

A candidate is asked to rank six tasks by priority. If the top two positions are fixed and the remaining four can be arranged freely, how many distinct rankings are possible?

  1. 12
  2. 48
  3. 24 Correct answer.
  4. 6

Explanation

The top two positions are fixed, leaving four tasks to be placed in the remaining four positions. The number of arrangements is 4! = 24.