Gauhati High Court JAA cheat sheet

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds (a university, a one-rupee coin), 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, an MLA).

Subject-verb agreement: neither/either/each/every + singular verb; 'none' may take singular or plural depending on sense; collective nouns take singular when acting as a unit.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for past actions with present relevance; simple past for finished actions with a definite past time marker.

Prepositions of time: at + clock time/night/noon; on + days/dates; in + months/years/long periods.

Active to passive: object becomes subject; verb becomes be + past participle; by + agent only if important.

Direct to indirect speech: present tense backshifts to past; 'today' → 'that day'; 'tomorrow' → 'the next day'; 'here' → 'there'.

Commonly confused: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); principal (main/head) vs principle (rule); stationary (not moving) vs stationery (writing material).

Idioms: 'to bite the bullet' = to endure a difficult situation; 'once in a blue moon' = very rarely; 'to let the cat out of the bag' = to reveal a secret.

Assam: capital Dispur; state formed 26 January 1950; official language Assamese; state animal one-horned rhinoceros; state bird white-winged wood duck.

Gauhati High Court: established 5 April 1948; principal seat at Guwahati; permanent benches at Kohima (Nagaland), Aizawl (Mizoram) and Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh).

Indian Constitution: adopted 26 November 1949, came into force 26 January 1950; Fundamental Rights in Part III (Articles 12–35); Fundamental Duties in Article 51A.

Indian judiciary: Supreme Court established 26 January 1950; High Court judges appointed by the President; retirement age 62 for High Court judges, 65 for Supreme Court judges.

Current affairs (2023–2025): India hosted G20 Summit in New Delhi in September 2023; Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed near lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; 2024 Lok Sabha elections held in seven phases.

Assam current affairs: 'Orunodoi' scheme provides monthly financial assistance to women; 'Atal Amrit Abhiyan' offers cashless treatment; Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1985).

National symbols: national bird Indian peacock; national animal Bengal tiger; national flower lotus; national fruit mango; national river Ganga.

Important days: 26 January Republic Day; 15 August Independence Day; 2 October Gandhi Jayanti; 5 September Teachers' Day; 24 January National Girl Child Day.

Percentage change = (new value − old value)/old value × 100; successive percentage changes a% and b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)^2.

Profit/loss: profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount% = (MP − SP)/MP × 100.

Time and work: if A does a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days; work done = rate × time.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; if each observation increases by k, average increases by k.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; compound ratio of a:b and c:d is ac:bd.

Number series: check differences, ratios, squares/cubes, and alternating patterns; e.g., 2, 6, 12, 20, 30 → differences 4,6,8,10.

Coding-decoding: letter positions A=1 … Z=26; reverse position = 27 − forward position; common shifts are +1, −1, +2, −2, or reversal of alphabet.

Computer generations: 1st vacuum tubes; 2nd transistors; 3rd integrated circuits; 4th microprocessors; 5th artificial intelligence.

Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

MS Word shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find.

MS Excel: formulas begin with '='; SUM(range) adds values; AVERAGE(range) gives mean; IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false) returns conditional result.

Office procedure: a 'note' records the facts and decision on a file; a 'draft' is the proposed communication; 'fair copy' is the final typed version for signature.

File movement: receipt → diary → daak distribution → section → assistant → section officer → branch officer → head of department; 'put up' means submit for orders.

Email etiquette: use CC for information, BCC for privacy; keep subject line specific; avoid all caps; reply within 24 hours in official correspondence.

Cyber safety: use strong passwords (minimum 8 characters with mixed case, digits, symbols); never share OTP; lock computer when away (Windows + L).