HTET Level 3 (PGT) flashcards
HTET Level 3 (PGT) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with adult or more capable peer support.
- Conservation (Piaget)
- The understanding that quantity, mass or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance. Children typically acquire it in the concrete operational stage.
- Operant conditioning
- Skinner's learning principle in which behaviour is strengthened or weakened by consequences such as reinforcement and punishment.
- Inclusive education
- An approach where students with disabilities learn in regular classrooms, with curriculum, assessment and environmental adaptations provided as needed.
- Formative assessment
- Assessment conducted during instruction to give feedback and adjust teaching, rather than to assign a final grade.
- Multiple intelligences
- Gardner's theory that intelligence is not a single general ability but a set of relatively independent capacities such as linguistic, logical-mathematical and spatial.
- स्वर संधि
- दो स्वरों के मेल से होने वाला परिवर्तन। जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय, जिसमें आ + आ मिलकर दीर्घ आ बनता है।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- वह समास जिसमें दोनों पद मिलकर किसी तीसरे अर्थ की ओर संकेत करते हैं; जैसे दशानन का अर्थ दस मुख वाला रावण।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- वह अलंकार जिसमें एक ही व्यंजन की आवृत्ति बार-बार होती है, जिससे ध्वनि-सौंदर्य उत्पन्न होता है।
- शांत रस
- नवें रस के रूप में मान्य शांत रस का स्थायी भाव शम है; इसका संबंध निर्वेद, वैराग्य और आत्मिक शांति से है।
- लोकोक्ति
- जनसमाज में प्रचलित पूर्ण वाक्य जो किसी अनुभव या सूक्ति को व्यक्त करता है; जैसे अंधे के हाथ बटेर लगना।
- द्विगु समास
- वह समास जिसमें पूर्व पद संख्यावाचक होता है और समूह का बोध होता है; जैसे चौराहा, त्रिभुज।
- Reported speech backshift
- In indirect speech, tense moves one step back: present becomes past, present perfect or past becomes past perfect, and will becomes would.
- Second conditional
- A sentence pattern using if plus past simple with would plus base verb, expressing an unreal or unlikely present situation.
- Passive voice
- A construction where the object becomes subject and the verb takes be with a past participle; only transitive verbs can be passivised.
- Oxymoron
- A figure of speech joining two contradictory terms, such as bitter sweet or living death, to create a striking effect.
- Question tag
- A short question added to a statement, using the opposite polarity of the main clause and repeating its auxiliary verb.
- Diphthong
- A vowel sound that glides from one quality to another within a single syllable; English has eight, including sounds in 'go' and 'my'.
- Average speed
- Total distance divided by total time. For equal distances covered at speeds a and b, it equals 2ab divided by a plus b.
- Compound interest formula
- Amount equals principal multiplied by one plus rate over hundred raised to the power of time; interest is amount minus principal.
- LCM and HCF relation
- For two positive integers, the product of their LCM and HCF equals the product of the two numbers.
- Successive percentage change
- Two successive changes of a percent and b percent equal a plus b plus ab over hundred as a single net percentage change.
- Mean proportional
- The value x such that a divided by x equals x divided by b; for positive a and b it equals the square root of ab.
- Clock hand angle
- The angle between hour and minute hands equals the absolute value of 30 times the hour minus 5.5 times the minutes.
- Syllogism validity rule
- A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the given premises.
- Haryana formation
- Haryana became a separate state on 1 November 1966, carved out of Punjab on the Shah Commission's recommendation, with Chandigarh as capital.
- Haryana state symbols
- Haryana's state animal is the blackbuck, state bird the black francolin, state tree the peepal and state flower the lotus.
- Ghaggar river
- A seasonal river flowing through northern Haryana that dries up in its lower course and is linked in folklore to the lost Saraswati.
- Bloom's revised taxonomy
- A hierarchy of learning objectives ordered as remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate and create, with the last three classed as higher-order.
- Pedagogical content knowledge
- Shulman's concept describing the fusion of subject expertise with knowledge of how to represent and teach that subject to particular learners.
- Diagnostic assessment
- Testing carried out to identify specific learning gaps and error patterns before or during teaching, so remedial instruction can be planned.
- Advance organiser
- Introductory material presented before a lesson that links new content to existing knowledge and helps learners organise what follows.