Logical and Analytical Reasoning
What reasoning items test
Logical and Analytical Reasoning checks whether you can draw valid conclusions from given statements, spot patterns, and solve arrangement puzzles without assuming extra facts. Common types are syllogism, series, coding-decoding, blood relations, direction sense, seating, and assumption or conclusion.
Core rules
- In syllogism, test conclusions against all possible Venn diagrams consistent with the premises.
- Some A are B converts to some B are A; this conversion is valid.
- All A are B does not imply all B are A.
- In series, check differences, ratios, squares or cubes, and alternating patterns before guessing.
- In arrangements, fix definite positions first; keep multiple possibilities until a clue eliminates them.
Worked example
Statements: All teachers are readers. Some readers are writers. Conclusion: Some teachers are writers. Is it valid? No. The readers who are writers may lie entirely outside the teacher set. A Venn diagram with teachers inside readers and writers overlapping only non-teacher readers satisfies both premises while making the conclusion false. So the conclusion does not follow.
Traps
Do not convert all into all in reverse; do not treat some as only some; do not use real-world knowledge to fill gaps. In puzzles, one overlooked clue often creates two possible arrangements, so recheck each condition.