Jharkhand B.Ed CET flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Jharkhand statehood date

Jharkhand became the 28th state of India on 15 November 2000, separated from Bihar; Ranchi was made its capital and the Jharkhand High Court is located there.

Damodar river

A major east-flowing river of the Chotanagpur plateau that drains the Jharia coalfield and enters West Bengal; historically called the river of sorrow for its floods.

Betla National Park

A national park in the Palamu district of Jharkhand, part of the Palamu Tiger Reserve landscape, known for sal forests, elephants and the Baresandh fort area.

Birsa Munda

A Munda tribal leader from the Chotanagpur region who led the Ulgulan movement against colonial land policies in the 1890s; his birthday, 15 November, is Janjatiya Gaurav Divas.

Chhau dance

A masked dance form associated with Seraikela in Jharkhand, performed to depict episodes from epics and mythology with vigorous movement and elaborate masks.

Jharkhand legislature seats

Jharkhand has an 81-member Legislative Assembly and sends 14 members to the Lok Sabha and 6 to the Rajya Sabha, with 5 assembly seats reserved for Scheduled Tribes.

Sohrai and Khovar art

Traditional wall painting styles of Hazaribagh region in Jharkhand, done by tribal women on mud walls during harvest and wedding seasons using natural earth colours.

Koderma mineral

Koderma district of Jharkhand is historically famous for mica mining; India has long been a leading world producer of sheet mica from this belt.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the distance between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with adult or peer guidance; teaching is most effective in this zone.

Law of Effect

Thorndike's principle that responses followed by satisfying consequences are strengthened, while responses followed by discomforting consequences are weakened.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's third stage, roughly ages 7 to 11, when children master conservation, classification and reversibility but still reason about concrete rather than abstract objects.

Formative assessment

Assessment conducted during teaching to diagnose learning gaps and adjust instruction; it is usually ungraded, descriptive and continuous rather than terminal.

Criterion-referenced test

An assessment that interprets a learner's score against a fixed standard or set of learning objectives, not against the performance of other test takers.

Bloom Create level

The highest level of Bloom's revised taxonomy, requiring learners to combine elements into a new pattern or product, as in designing a model or proposing a plan.

Scaffolding

Temporary instructional support given to a learner during a task, such as hints or models, which is gradually withdrawn as the learner gains competence.

Operant conditioning

Skinner's learning theory in which behaviour is shaped by its consequences, through reinforcement that increases and punishment that decreases the likelihood of repetition.

Right-angle displacement

In direction sense questions, when a person turns at right angles, the straight-line distance from start is found using Pythagoras, taking the square root of the sum of squared sides.

Inclusive education

An approach where children with disabilities learn in regular classrooms with adapted curriculum, aids and support services, rather than being segregated in separate schools.

Subject-verb agreement rule

A verb must agree with its subject in number and person; with either-or and neither-nor, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has or have plus the past participle, it expresses an action completed at an unspecified time or continuing relevance to the present, often with since or for.

Passive voice formation

The active object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus past participle, and the original subject, if kept, follows the preposition by.

Articles a and an

Use a before consonant sounds and an before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation not spelling, so an hour but a university and a European.

Indirect speech tense shift

When the reporting verb is in the past, present tenses usually shift to past, present perfect to past perfect, and will to would, while pronouns change by person.

Prepositions of time

Use in for months, years and long periods, on for days and dates, and at for clock times and fixed expressions such as at night.

Inference from passage

A conclusion not stated word for word but logically supported by the text; options using absolutes like always or never are usually unsupported.

Root word bene

A Latin root meaning good or well, seen in beneficial, benevolent and benefit; recognising roots helps infer the meaning of unfamiliar words in vocabulary items.

संधि की परिभाषा

दो वर्णों के मेल से उत्पन्न विकार को संधि कहते हैं; यह स्वर, व्यंजन और विसर्ग तीन प्रकार की होती है, जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय।

द्वंद्व समास

वह समास जिसमें दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं और 'और' लुप्त रहता है, जैसे माता-पिता अर्थात माता और पिता।

बहुव्रीहि समास

वह समास जिसमें कोई भी पद प्रधान न होकर तीसरा ही अर्थ प्रधान होता है, जैसे दशानन अर्थात दस मुखों वाला रावण।

अनुप्रास अलंकार

जिस अलंकार में एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति एक से अधिक बार होती है, जैसे चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें में 'च' की आवृत्ति।

वीर रस

रस का वह भेद जिसका स्थायी भाव उत्साह है और जो युद्ध, दान या धर्म के प्रति साहसिक प्रवृत्ति से उत्पन्न होता है।

करण कारक

वह कारक जो क्रिया के साधन का बोध कराता है और जिसके चिह्न 'से' तथा 'के द्वारा' हैं, जैसे कलम से लिखना।