JIPMAT flashcards
JIPMAT · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Successive percentage change
- Two successive changes of a% and b% equal a + b + ab/100 as a single change. A 10% increase followed by 10% decrease yields a net 1% decrease.
- Profit percentage base
- Profit% equals (SP − CP)/CP × 100, computed on cost price. Discount% is computed on marked price instead, so the two percentages use different bases.
- CI minus SI for two years
- For principal P and rate R, compound interest exceeds simple interest over two years by P(R/100)^2. At 10% on 1000, the gap is 10.
- Equal profit and loss trap
- If two articles sell at the same price, one at x% profit and one at x% loss, the seller loses (x/10)^2 percent overall. At 20% each, the loss is 4%.
- Train crossing platform
- A train of length L at speed v crosses a platform of length P in (L + P)/v. Crossing a pole takes only L/v. Convert km/h to m/s by multiplying 5/18.
- Boat upstream downstream formulas
- Boat speed b = (downstream + upstream)/2 and stream speed s = (downstream − upstream)/2, where downstream is b + s and upstream is b − s.
- Alligation ratio rule
- When mixing a cheaper and dearer component to reach a mean price, quantities are in the ratio (mean − cheaper) : (dearer − mean), taken crosswise.
- Combined work formula
- If A alone takes a days and B alone b days, working together they finish in ab/(a + b) days. Rates add; times do not.
- Sum of first n integers
- The sum of the first n natural numbers is n(n+1)/2, and the sum of their squares is n(n+1)(2n+1)/6.
- Divisibility by 8
- A number is divisible by 8 exactly when its last three digits form a number divisible by 8. Divisibility by 4 depends only on the last two digits.
- Normalising table units
- When a table mixes thousands and lakhs, or percentages and absolute values, convert every entry to a single unit before computing ratios or differences.
- Share versus percentage change
- A market share dropping from 40% to 30% is a 10 percentage-point fall but a 25% relative decline. The two measures answer different questions.
- Pie chart sector angle
- Each sector angle equals (value/total) × 360°. A 15% share corresponds to 54°, and a 25% share to 90°.
- Compound annual growth rate
- Average growth over n intervals is (final/initial)^(1/n) − 1. Averaging yearly percentages arithmetically overstates the true compound rate.
- Truncated axis trap
- A bar or line chart whose y-axis does not start at zero exaggerates differences. Check the axis origin before drawing conclusions about magnitude.
- Number series checklist
- Test differences first, then ratios, then squares or cubes, then two interleaved sequences. Only after these fail assume a single uniform rule.
- Circular permutation count
- n distinct people can be arranged around a circle in (n − 1)! ways. If clockwise and anticlockwise orders count as the same, divide by 2.
- Second to the left
- In a linear row facing north, 'A is second to the left of B' means exactly one person sits between A and B, with A on B's left.
- Syllogism validity test
- A conclusion follows only if it holds in every possible Venn arrangement of the premises. A single counter-arrangement makes it invalid.
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- The verb agrees with the head noun, not the nearest noun. In 'The list of items is long', the singular subject 'list' governs 'is'.
- Collective noun verb choice
- Collective nouns such as team, jury or government take a singular verb when acting as one unit, and a plural verb when members act individually.
- Neither nor agreement
- With 'neither … nor' or 'either … or', the verb agrees with the nearer subject. 'Neither the boys nor the teacher was present' is correct.
- Fewer versus less
- Use 'fewer' with countable nouns and 'less' with uncountable ones. Use 'number' for countable items and 'amount' for mass nouns.
- Dangling modifier
- An introductory participle must describe the subject of the main clause. 'Walking down the road, the tower was seen' is wrong because the tower was not walking.
- Passage-supported answers
- In reading comprehension, the correct option must be justified by the passage itself. Outside knowledge, however true, cannot make an option correct.
- Extreme word warning
- Options containing always, never, only or must are usually wrong in inference questions, because passages rarely support absolute claims.
- Main idea versus detail
- A main-idea option must cover the whole passage. An option that is accurate only for one paragraph is a detail trap, not the central claim.
- Para-jumble opener clue
- The opening sentence usually introduces a noun in full without pronouns. Later sentences refer back with pronouns or words like this and these.
- Vocabulary in context
- Choose the meaning that fits the logic of the given sentence. A familiar dictionary sense is often the deliberate distractor in these questions.
- Ratio proportion shortcut
- If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, make b common: a:b:c = 8:12:15. Equalise the shared term before combining ratios.
- Averages and weighted mean
- Combined average of groups sizes n1, n2 with averages a1, a2 is (n1a1 + n2a2)/(n1 + n2). A simple mean of the two averages is wrong unless sizes match.
- Data sufficiency decision rule
- Solve using each statement alone first, then together. The answer is 'together needed' only if neither statement alone suffices but the pair does.