JKSSB Finance/Accounts Assistant key terms

The main state fund into which all revenues, loans and receipts are credited and from which expenditure is met only after legislative authorisation through the Appropriation Act.

A fund placed at the disposal of the Lieutenant Governor or Governor, used to meet unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation by the legislature, after which the amount is recouped from the Consolidated Fund.

A state account holding money received on behalf of others, such as provident funds and deposits, which does not require legislative appropriation for its day-to-day operation.

The law passed by the legislature that authorises withdrawal of money from the Consolidated Fund for the services of a financial year, fixing the maximum amount under each grant.

An advance grant approved by the legislature to allow the government to spend for a limited period, usually the first months of a year, until the full budget is passed.

Expenditure that is paid from the Consolidated Fund without being voted by the legislature, such as salaries and allowances of certain constitutional office holders and debt charges.

The transfer of funds from one unit of appropriation to another within the same grant or section, permitted only up to prescribed limits and with the sanction of the competent authority.

A fresh projection of expenditure or receipts prepared during the year, replacing the original budget estimate to reflect actual trends and anticipated changes.

A sum sanctioned by the legislature for a specified service; a grant is generally for general purposes, while grant-in-aid is a contribution to an institution or body for a defined object.

A short-term instrument used in government accounting to meet temporary cash needs, repaid from receipts of the same year; distinct from a bill received for payment in a treasury.

The government office that receives money, makes payments, and maintains accounts on behalf of the state, operating under rules of the Accountant General and the finance department.

A record maintained to note every bill received for payment, showing date of receipt, particulars, amount, and the date of payment or return.

A written document supporting a payment or receipt, showing the amount, purpose, signatures of the sanctioning and drawing officers, and the payee's acknowledgement.

A bill presented to claim reimbursement of small, miscellaneous office expenses such as stationery, postage, or repairs, usually subject to a fixed monetary ceiling.

A fixed sum advanced to an office or officer to meet petty routine expenses, later recouped by submitting a detailed account of amounts actually spent.

A form used to deposit money into a government account, typically in triplicate, with one copy returned to the depositor as proof of receipt.

A formal instruction issued to the treasury or bank to pay a specified sum to a named person or account, forming the basis for the actual disbursement.

A provident fund for government employees in which monthly subscriptions are deducted from salary, accumulate with interest, and are repaid with interest on retirement or resignation.

A query or finding raised by the audit authority pointing out an irregularity, excess, or lack of supporting documents in a transaction, requiring a reply from the department.

A check by audit that expenditure has not exceeded the amount authorised by the legislature for a grant and has been incurred for the purpose sanctioned.

An independent review carried out within the department or organisation to test compliance with rules, accuracy of records, and efficiency of operations.

A statement prepared to explain the difference between the balance shown in the cash book and the balance shown in the bank passbook on a given date.

A book of original entry recording all cash receipts and cash payments, often with a bank column, and serving as both journal and ledger for cash transactions.

A subsidiary cash book used to record small day-to-day payments, usually maintained on an imprest system where a fixed float is periodically replenished.

A record issued by a bank listing deposits, withdrawals, and charges on a customer's account, used to verify the cash book balance.

A statement listing all ledger account balances at a date to test whether total debits equal total credits, helping detect arithmetical errors.

A record of a business transaction in the journal, showing the accounts debited and credited with equal amounts and a brief narration of the transaction.

The principal book of accounts in which transactions are posted from the journal into individual accounts, showing debits, credits, and the resulting balance.

A temporary account used to hold a difference in the trial balance until the error or omission causing it is located and corrected.

A record kept for each item of inventory showing receipts, issues, and the running balance in quantity and value, used to control stock and value issues.

A card kept at the storage location recording quantities received and issued for an item, used for physical control without showing monetary value.

Methods of pricing inventory issues: first-in-first-out assumes the earliest stock is issued first, while weighted average recalculates a mean cost after each receipt.

The actual counting or measurement of stores on hand compared with recorded quantities, with differences investigated and adjusted after approval.

A negotiable instrument issued by a bank on instruction of a customer, payable to a named payee at a specified branch, commonly used for government fees.

The electronic processing of cheque images and data instead of moving paper cheques, speeding clearing while retaining the legal validity of the instrument.

A government workflow system that moves files and receipts electronically, replacing paper movement with digital noting, approvals, and audit trails.

An electronic code attached to a document that verifies the sender's identity and confirms the content has not been altered after signing.

The use of information and communication technology to deliver government services, manage records, and improve transparency and accountability in administration.

A built-in formula such as SUM or VLOOKUP that performs a calculation on values in specified cells and returns a result in the cell where it is entered.

The address of a cell, such as A1, used in formulas; it may be relative, absolute with dollar signs, or mixed to control how it changes when copied.

An interactive summary tool in spreadsheets that groups and aggregates large data sets by chosen fields, allowing quick rearrangement of rows, columns, and values.