JKSSB Panchayat Secretary flashcards
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- Article 370 abrogation date
- On 5 August 2019 the President issued the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019, making all provisions of the Indian Constitution applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.
- J&K Reorganisation Act 2019
- An Act of Parliament that reorganised the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories, Jammu and Kashmir with a legislature, and Ladakh without a legislature, effective 31 October 2019.
- Gram Sabha
- Under Article 243A, the Gram Sabha consists of all persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village. It is the foundational body of the panchayati raj system.
- Eleventh Schedule
- Added by the 73rd Amendment, it lists 29 subjects devolved to panchayats, including agriculture, minor irrigation, rural housing, drinking water, and poverty alleviation programmes.
- Wular Lake
- Wular Lake in Bandipora district is India's largest freshwater lake by area. It moderates Kashmir Valley floods and supports fisheries and lotus cultivation.
- Martand Sun Temple
- A 8th-century temple built by Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty in Kashmir. It is a notable example of ancient Kashmiri stone architecture.
- Dogra rule in Kashmir
- Under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, Gulab Singh of Jammu purchased Kashmir from the British for 7.5 million Nanakshahi rupees, beginning Dogra rule that lasted until 1947.
- Karewa deposits
- Lacustrine clay and silt deposits in the Kashmir Valley, used for saffron cultivation around Pampore. They are important for agriculture and archaeology.
- Fundamental Rights
- Contained in Part III (Articles 12–35) of the Constitution, they include equality, freedom, life and liberty, and constitutional remedies enforceable through writs.
- Article 40
- A Directive Principle directing the State to organise village panchayats and endow them with powers to function as units of self-government.
- 73rd Amendment Act
- Enacted in 1992, it inserted Part IX (Articles 243–243O) and the Eleventh Schedule, giving constitutional status to panchayati raj institutions.
- MGNREGA
- The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 guarantees 100 days of unskilled wage employment per rural household per year, with wages paid within 15 days.
- Halqa Panchayat
- The village-level panchayat body under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, functioning as the equivalent of a Gram Panchayat.
- Article 32
- Gives the Supreme Court power to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is itself a Fundamental Right, called the right to constitutional remedies.
- Writ of mandamus
- A court order commanding a public authority to perform a legal duty. It cannot be issued against a private person or the President or Governors.
- Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
- A Sanskrit phrase meaning 'the world is one family'. It was the theme of India's G20 presidency in 2023, held in New Delhi.
- Chandrayaan-3
- India's lunar mission that soft-landed near the Moon's south pole on 23 August 2023, making India the fourth country to soft-land on the Moon.
- NITI Aayog
- A policy think tank established on 1 January 2015, replacing the Planning Commission. It is chaired by the Prime Minister and promotes cooperative federalism.
- Zoji La
- A high mountain pass in the Himalayas connecting Srinagar with Kargil and Ladakh. It is a strategic road link and is closed in winter due to snow.
- Pir Panjal range
- A Himalayan range separating the Kashmir Valley from Jammu. The Banihal Pass and Jawahar Tunnel provide road connectivity across it.
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. In 'one of the + plural noun', the verb remains singular.
- Active to passive voice
- The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes be + past participle, and the original subject becomes an agent introduced by 'by'. Only transitive verbs can be passivised.
- Since versus for
- 'Since' is used with a point of time (since 2010) while 'for' is used with a duration (for five years). Both are used with perfect tenses.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100 (SI = P × R × T / 100). It does not compound.
- Newton's second law
- The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force. In equation form, force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
- Vitamin C deficiency
- Lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) causes scurvy, marked by bleeding gums, weakness, and poor wound healing. Citrus fruits are rich sources.
- Memory unit conversion
- One byte equals 8 bits. One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes, one megabyte equals 1024 KB, and one gigabyte equals 1024 MB.
- Excel absolute reference
- A cell reference with dollar signs, such as $A$1, that does not change when the formula is copied to other cells.
- PowerPoint F5 key
- Pressing F5 starts the slideshow from the first slide. Shift + F5 starts the slideshow from the currently selected slide.
- Clock hand angles
- The minute hand moves 6 degrees per minute and the hour hand 0.5 degrees per minute. The hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours.
- Syllogism conversion rule
- 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'. However, 'Some A are B' does imply 'Some B are A' because the relation is symmetric.
- Direction sense turning
- With north at the top, a right turn is 90 degrees clockwise and a left turn is 90 degrees anticlockwise. Drawing a compass helps avoid errors.