JSSC Excise Constable cheat sheet
JSSC Excise Constable · Keep the key ideas within reach.
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950; Dr B R Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.
Fundamental Rights occupy Articles 12-35 of the Constitution; the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) was called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Ambedkar.
The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college under Article 54; the Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Lok Sabha maximum strength is 552; Rajya Sabha maximum is 250 (238 elected plus 12 nominated).
The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised in 1949; it regulates monetary policy and issues currency notes of Rs 2 and above, while Rs 1 notes are issued by the Government of India.
Nobel Prize categories number six (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, Economics); the Economics prize was instituted in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank.
The headquarters of the World Trade Organization is Geneva; the IMF and World Bank are headquartered in Washington DC.
National days: Republic Day 26 January, Independence Day 15 August, Gandhi Jayanti 2 October, National Sports Day 29 August (Dhyan Chand's birthday).
The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, including Jharkhand (near Ranchi district).
General Science
Newton's three laws: inertia unless acted on by a net force; F = ma; every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Speed of light in vacuum is about 3 x 10^8 m/s; sound travels about 343 m/s in air at 20 degrees C and cannot travel through vacuum.
Ohm's law: V = IR. Electrical power P = VI = I^2R = V^2/R; unit of power is watt.
pH scale runs 0-14; pH below 7 is acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2, occurring in chloroplasts with chlorophyll.
Human blood groups follow the ABO and Rh systems; O negative is the universal donor for red cells, AB positive the universal recipient.
The human body has 206 bones in adults, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and the largest organ is the skin.
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and ATP production; ribosomes synthesise proteins; lysosomes are the 'suicidal bags'.
SI base units include metre (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (current), kelvin (temperature), mole (amount), candela (luminous intensity).
Mathematics / Quantitative Aptitude
Average = sum of observations / number of observations; if each value increases by k, the average increases by k.
Percentage change = (new - old)/old x 100; successive changes of a% and b% give net change a + b + ab/100.
Simple interest = P x R x T / 100; compound interest = P(1 + R/100)^T - P.
Profit% = profit/CP x 100; selling price = CP x (100 + profit%)/100. Discount is calculated on marked price.
Speed = distance/time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18, and m/s to km/h multiply by 18/5.
Work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they finish in xy/(x + y) days.
For a train of length L crossing a platform of length P at speed v, time = (L + P)/v.
Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; in a mixture, alligation gives ratio of quantities = (mean - cheaper) : (dearer - mean).
Area formulas: circle pi r^2, triangle 1/2 x base x height, trapezium 1/2 x (sum of parallel sides) x height.
Reasoning and Mental Ability
Alphabet positions: A=1 to Z=26; the opposite-letter trick sums to 27 (A-Z, B-Y, C-X), useful for coding-decoding.
Number series types: arithmetic (+d), geometric (x r), squares, cubes, and alternating two-series patterns; check differences first, then ratios.
Blood relations: draw a family tree; vertical lines for generations, horizontal for siblings/spouse; '+' male, '-' female is a common notation.
Direction sense: use a compass sketch; net displacement uses Pythagoras when turns are at right angles.
Coding-decoding: check letter shifts (+n/-n), reversal, or position-based substitution before assuming a keyword cipher.
Syllogism: a conclusion follows only if true in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some' and 'no' statements are converted carefully.
Odd-one-out and analogy questions rely on shared category (all but one are, e.g., prime numbers, metals, or capitals).
Calendar: a normal year shifts the day by 1, a leap year by 2; a century has 5 odd days for 100, 3 for 200, 1 for 300, 0 for 400 years.
Clock: the minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand; hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours.
Hindi Language Knowledge
वर्णमाला में 11 स्वर और 33 व्यंजन होते हैं; 'अ' से 'औ' तक स्वर, 'क' से 'ह' तक व्यंजन।
संधि के तीन भेद हैं: स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि; जैसे सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय (स्वर संधि)।
समास के छह भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव; 'राजपुत्र' तत्पुरुष का उदाहरण है।
उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (प्र, अनु, नि, वि), प्रत्यय अंत में (ता, त्व, इक, आई)।
संज्ञा के पाँच भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक और द्रव्यवाचक।
काल के तीन भेद हैं: वर्तमान, भूत और भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण और संदिग्ध रूप होते हैं।
अलंकार: अनुप्रास में वर्णों की आवृत्ति, उपमा में 'सा/जैसा' से तुलना, रूपक में अभेद आरोप होता है।
शब्द-शुद्धि और वाक्य-शुद्धि प्रश्नों में लिंग, वचन और कारक चिह्न (ने, को, से, के लिए) की संगति जाँचें।
मुहावरे अर्थ सहित पूछे जाते हैं, जैसे 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ भाग जाना है।
English Language Knowledge
Eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection.
Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each, every, either, neither, everyone' are singular.
Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for definite or unique references.
Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier of two past actions.
Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.
Direct to indirect speech: present tense shifts to past, 'today' becomes 'that day', 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day'.
Preposition collocations to memorise: depend on, prefer to, capable of, insist on, married to, good at.
Common error traps: 'one of the boys is' (singular verb), 'neither of them was', 'furniture' and 'information' are uncountable.
Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions (e.g., 'philanthropist' = lover of mankind) form a large share of vocabulary questions.
Jharkhand State Specific Knowledge
Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar on 15 November 2000, on Birsa Munda's birth anniversary; Ranchi is the capital and the state has 24 districts.
Birsa Munda led the Ulgulan (Great Tumult) movement among the Mundas in the late 19th century; he is honoured as Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908 and Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1949 protect tribal land rights in the state.
Jharkhand holds a large share of India's mineral reserves, including coal (Jharia, Bokaro, Rajmahal), iron ore (Noamundi), and uranium (Jaduguda).
Major industries: Bokaro Steel Plant, Tata Steel Jamshedpur, HEC Ranchi, Sindri fertiliser plant, and Patratu thermal power.
Main rivers: Damodar, Subarnarekha, Barakar, North Koel and South Koel; the Damodar Valley Corporation serves the region.
Tribal groups include Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, Kharia and Asur; Sarhul, Karma, Sohrai and Tusu are major festivals.
Languages recognised include Hindi, Santhali, Mundari, Ho, Kharia and Kurukh; Hindi is the official language.
Tourist and heritage sites: Betla National Park, Hundru Falls, Deoghar Baidyanath Temple, Parasnath Hill (Jain pilgrimage), and Maluti temples.