JSSC Excise Constable flashcards
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- Article 32
- The Right to Constitutional Remedies, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Dr B R Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.
- Rajya Sabha maximum strength
- The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members: 238 representing states and union territories and 12 nominated by the President for expertise in literature, science, art or social service.
- Tropic of Cancer in Jharkhand
- The Tropic of Cancer passes through Jharkhand near Ranchi district. In India it crosses eight states, including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
- Newtons third law
- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always occur in pairs acting on two different bodies, which is why a rocket moves forward as gas is expelled backward.
- Ohms law
- At constant temperature, current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, giving V = IR. Resistance R is measured in ohms.
- pH scale
- A 0 to 14 scale measuring hydrogen ion concentration. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.
- Universal donor blood group
- O negative red blood cells lack A, B and Rh antigens, so they can be transfused to recipients of any ABO and Rh type, making O negative the universal donor.
- Mitochondria function
- Mitochondria carry out aerobic cellular respiration and produce ATP, the cell's energy currency. They are called the powerhouse of the cell and contain their own DNA.
- Successive percentage change formula
- Two successive changes of a percent and b percent give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 20 percent rise then 20 percent fall nets a 4 percent decrease.
- Compound interest formula
- Compound interest equals P(1 + R/100)^T minus P, where P is principal, R the annual rate and T the time in years. Interest is added to principal each period.
- km/h to m/s conversion
- Multiply a speed in kilometres per hour by 5/18 to obtain metres per second. Conversely, multiply metres per second by 18/5 to get kilometres per hour.
- Work together formula
- If A alone finishes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy/(x + y) days. Their combined one-day work is 1/x + 1/y.
- Train crossing platform time
- A train of length L crossing a platform of length P at speed v takes time (L + P)/v. To clear a pole, the time is simply L/v.
- Alligation rule
- For mixing two ingredients at prices cheaper and dearer to get a mean price, the ratio of their quantities is (dearer minus mean) : (mean minus cheaper).
- Opposite letter trick
- In the English alphabet, opposite letters sum to 27: A pairs with Z, B with Y, C with X. This speeds up coding-decoding and alphabet-series questions.
- Odd days in a century
- For calendar problems, 100 years give 5 odd days, 200 give 3, 300 give 1, and 400 give 0. A normal year shifts the weekday by 1, a leap year by 2.
- Clock hand gain rate
- The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand. The two hands coincide 11 times in every 12 hours and are opposite 11 times as well.
- Syllogism validity rule
- A conclusion follows from the premises only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram satisfying those premises. A single counter-diagram makes it invalid.
- Blood relation notation
- Draw a family tree with generations stacked vertically and siblings or spouses side by side. Mark males and females distinctly before testing any stated relationship.
- संधि के भेद
- दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं। इसके तीन भेद हैं: स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि।
- समास के भेद
- समास के छह भेद हैं: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव। इनमें से प्रत्येक के अपने लक्षण और उदाहरण परीक्षा में पूछे जाते हैं।
- उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय
- उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है, जैसे प्र + हार = प्रहार। प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है, जैसे मानव + ता = मानवता।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- जब किसी काव्य में एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति बार-बार होती है, तो अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है। जैसे चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें।
- वाक्य शुद्धि जाँच
- वाक्य शुद्ध करते समय कर्ता और क्रिया के लिंग, वचन तथा पुरुष की संगति जाँचें। कारक चिह्न जैसे ने, को, से का प्रयोग भी देखें।
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- A singular subject takes a singular verb. Words such as each, every, either, neither and everyone are singular, so they take verbs like is or was.
- Article usage rule
- Use a before consonant sounds and an before vowel sounds, judged by sound not spelling: an hour, a university. Use the for definite or unique references.
- Active to passive voice
- The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the original subject follows by, as in Ram wrote a letter becoming A letter was written by Ram.
- Preposition collocations
- Fixed pairs to memorise include depend on, prefer to, capable of, insist on, married to, good at, and afraid of. Wrong prepositions are a common error question.
- Jharkhand formation date
- Jharkhand became India's 28th state on 15 November 2000, carved out of Bihar. The date marks the birth anniversary of tribal leader Birsa Munda.
- Birsa Munda Ulgulan movement
- Birsa Munda led the Ulgulan, meaning Great Tumult, among the Mundas against landlord exploitation and British rule in the late nineteenth century. He is honoured as Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
- Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908
- This law protects tribal land in the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand by restricting transfer of tribal land to non-tribals. The Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1949 serves a similar purpose.
- Jharkhand mineral wealth
- Jharkhand has major coal fields at Jharia, Bokaro and Rajmahal, iron ore at Noamundi, and uranium at Jaduguda. Mining and steel form a large part of the state economy.
- Jharkhand rivers
- The Damodar, Subarnarekha, Barakar and North and South Koel are the main rivers of Jharkhand. The Damodar Valley Corporation manages dams and power projects on the Damodar.
- Jharkhand tribal festivals
- Sarhul welcomes spring with sal flowers, Karma honours the karma tree, Sohrai marks the harvest with wall art, and Tusu celebrates the harvest in the Chotanagpur region.