Karnataka VAO flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Halmidi inscription

Earliest known Kannada-language inscription, dated about 450 CE, found at Halmidi in Hassan district; written in an early form of Kannada script and language.

Article 32

Constitutional right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights; called the heart and soul of the Constitution by Dr B. R. Ambedkar.

Mullayanagiri

Highest peak in Karnataka at about 1,930 metres, located in Chikkamagaluru district in the Western Ghats.

Repo rate

Rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; a key monetary policy tool.

Vachana literature

Twelfth-century Kannada devotional prose-poems by Basavanna, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi, emphasising personal devotion and social reform.

Pampa

One of the three gems of Kannada literature; wrote Vikramarjuna Vijaya, also called Pampa Bharata, and Adipurana in the tenth century.

Kuvempu

Kannada poet and writer, first Kannada recipient of the Jnanpith Award in 1967; wrote Sri Ramayana Darshanam and Malegalalli Madumagalu.

Kavirajamarga

First extant Kannada literary work, attributed to Rashtrakuta king Nripatunga, composed around 850 CE; it discusses poetics and grammar.

Simple interest

Interest calculated only on the original principal using the formula SI = P × T × R / 100, where T is time in years.

Average speed

Total distance divided by total time; for equal distances at speeds x and y, it equals 2xy/(x+y).

Work formula

If A alone completes a job in x days and B in y days, together they finish it in xy/(x+y) days.

Compound interest

Interest on principal plus accumulated interest; amount A = P(1 + R/100)^T, so compound interest equals A minus P.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has/have plus past participle; used for past actions with present relevance, with since for a point and for a period.

Active and passive voice

In passive voice the object of an active sentence becomes the subject, using a form of be plus the past participle.

Conditional type 2

If plus simple past in the conditional clause and would plus base verb in the main clause; expresses unreal or unlikely present situations.

Subject-verb agreement

Rule that a verb agrees with its subject in number and person; each, every, either and neither are singular.

Mitochondria

Membrane-bound cell organelles that produce most of the cell's ATP through aerobic respiration; often called the powerhouse of the cell.

Ohm's law

Current through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage across it at constant temperature; expressed as V = I × R.

Photosynthesis

Process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

Human blood groups

ABO and Rh systems classify blood by antigens on red cells; Rh-positive and Rh-negative matter for transfusion and pregnancy.

MGNREGA

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005; guarantees 100 days of unskilled manual work per rural household per year.

Jal Jeevan Mission

Launched in 2019 to provide functional household tap connections to all rural households through community-managed water supply.

DAY-NRLM

Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission; organises rural poor women into self-help groups for credit and livelihood support.

PMGSY

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected rural habitations.

Gram Sabha

Body of all registered voters in a village, constituted under Article 243A; exercises powers and functions specified by state law.

Gram Panchayat

Lowest tier of Karnataka's three-tier Panchayat Raj system, covering a village or group of villages, with elected members and a five-year term.

Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act

State law enacted in 1993 to constitute Gram Panchayats, Taluk Panchayats and Zilla Panchayats in accordance with the 73rd Amendment.

State Finance Commission

Constituted under Article 243I every five years to review the financial position of panchayats and recommend devolution of taxes and grants.

RAM

Random Access Memory; volatile primary memory that temporarily stores programs and data currently in use by the computer.

Absolute cell reference

Excel reference such as $A$1 that keeps both column and row fixed when a formula is copied to another cell.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; executes instructions and consists of arithmetic logic unit, control unit and registers.

Bhoomi

Karnataka's online land-records system that computerised mutation and record-of-rights data for rural landholdings.