Karnataka Bank PO key terms

A reasoning format where two or more given statements (premises) are assumed true and you decide which conclusions necessarily follow. Questions use words like all, some, and none, and answers must hold in every possible case.

A technique for solving syllogism and set-based questions by drawing circles for each group and checking whether a conclusion is true in every arrangement the statements allow, including overlapping and subset layouts.

In syllogism, a conclusion phrased as can be true or possibility requires only one valid arrangement of the statements to hold, unlike a definite conclusion that must hold in all arrangements.

A reasoning question that describes family links through sentences or coded symbols and asks how two named people are related, such as brother, aunt, or grandfather. Drawing a small family tree usually solves it.

A direction sense question where turns are written as letters or symbols, for example P means left turn, and you trace the path to find final facing direction or straight-line distance from the start point.

A set of clues about people sitting in rows, around a circle, or on floors that must be combined to fix every position. These questions carry high marks and test systematic elimination.

A sequence mixing letters, digits, and symbols where you answer questions such as how many digits sit between two letters, or what comes next after applying a stated rule to each element.

A question giving words with their coded forms and asking you to decode the rule, then apply it to a new word. Rules may shift letters, reverse order, or map letters to numbers.

Statements such as A > B >= C are given, and you judge which combined conclusions like A > C definitely hold. The key skill is chaining symbols and spotting where the direction breaks.

A machine rearranges a line of numbers or words step by step following a hidden rule. You identify the rule from the given steps and predict an earlier or later step of the same arrangement.

A question gives a problem plus two or three statements and asks whether the data is enough to answer it, without actually computing the answer. You judge sufficiency of each statement alone or together.

A numerical ability question where options are far apart, so you round numbers to convenient values and estimate the result quickly instead of doing exact long calculation. Saves time in timed sections.

A question asking for the value of an expression involving brackets, powers, roots, and mixed operations. Correct order of operations (BODMAS) and fraction-to-decimal recall decide speed and accuracy.

A sequence of numbers with one missing or wrong term, where you find the pattern such as differences, ratios, squares, or alternating operations, then supply or identify the term that breaks it.

A set of five questions based on a table, bar chart, pie chart, or line graph. You must read values correctly and compute ratios, percentages, and averages, often using approximation to save time.

The increase or decrease in a value expressed as a share of its original value, computed as change divided by original times 100. Frequently needed in data interpretation and profit-and-loss questions.

Arithmetic on cost price, selling price, marked price, and discount. Core formulas link profit percentage to cost price and discount percentage to marked price, and successive discounts are applied one after another.

Simple interest is principal times rate times time divided by 100. Compound interest adds each period's interest to the principal so later interest is earned on interest; the difference between them grows with time.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, and a proportion states that two ratios are equal. These ideas underlie partnership, mixture, and age problems, and let you scale quantities up or down.

Problems where workers or pipes complete a job at stated rates. Convert each rate to work done per day, add or subtract rates for combined or opposing action, then invert to find total time.

Distance equals speed multiplied by time. Exam variants cover relative speed for trains passing each other, boats with and against a stream, and races, all solved by aligning units and directions carefully.

Permutations count ordered arrangements while combinations count selections where order does not matter. Questions often involve arranging letters of a word, forming committees, or counting ways with stated restrictions.

The chance of an event, calculated as favourable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes. Exam questions use dice, cards, and bags of coloured balls, sometimes combining two independent events.

Measurement of perimeter, area, and volume of standard shapes such as circles, triangles, cylinders, and spheres. Questions often ask for cost of fencing, painting, or filling, so unit conversion matters.

A passage followed by questions on main idea, inference, tone, and vocabulary in context. Answers must be supported by the passage, so eliminate options that add outside information or overstate the author's claim.

A short passage with numbered blanks, each with options, testing whether you choose the word that fits both meaning and grammar. Read the whole passage first to catch the overall theme.

A sentence divided into parts where one part contains a grammatical or usage error you must identify. Common traps are subject-verb agreement, preposition choice, tense consistency, and wrong word forms.

A sentence with an underlined portion is given, and you pick the replacement that is grammatically correct and keeps the intended meaning. Sometimes no replacement is needed and that option is correct.

Several sentences of a paragraph are presented out of order and you must arrange them logically. Look for opening sentences without pronouns, pronoun links, connectors, and chronological or cause-effect flow.

A comprehension question asking what can reasonably be concluded from the passage even though it is not stated directly. The right option follows necessarily, while wrong options merely seem plausible.

One or two blanks in a sentence must be completed with the option that fits meaning and grammar. Check collocations and overall sentence logic, since a single word may look correct but clash with context.

A bank that has been granted a banking licence and is included in the Second Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, allowing it to accept deposits repayable on demand and conduct full banking business.

A bank listed in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, having paid-up capital and reserves above the prescribed minimum and satisfying the RBI that its affairs are not conducted to depositors' detriment.

Cash Reserve Ratio is the share of net demand and time liabilities kept as cash with the RBI. Statutory Liquidity Ratio is the share held in approved liquid assets such as government securities with the bank itself.

The rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to banks against government securities, with an agreement to repurchase them. Raising it generally tightens liquidity and is used to control inflation.

The RBI's use of instruments such as repo rate, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, and open market operations to manage money supply, credit, and inflation. The Monetary Policy Committee sets the key policy rate.

A Non-Performing Asset is a loan where interest or principal has remained overdue for more than 90 days. Banks classify NPAs as substandard, doubtful, or loss assets and must make provisions for them.

The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 lets secured creditors enforce security without court intervention after a loan turns into a default.

A mandate requiring banks to give a minimum share of credit to sectors such as agriculture, micro and small enterprises, education, housing, and weaker sections, with targets set by the RBI.

Efforts to bring unserved and underserved people into the formal banking system through no-frills accounts, small savings products, micro-insurance, and easy access channels such as business correspondents and mobile banking.