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KARTET Paper 2 study materials
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KARTET Paper 2 practice questions

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Question 1Child Development and Pedagogy

A five-year-old insists that a tall, narrow glass holds more water than a short, wide glass, even after she watches the same amount being poured into both. In Piaget's theory, this response is most characteristic of which stage?

  1. Formal operational
  2. Preoperational Correct answer.
  3. Sensorimotor
  4. Concrete operational

Explanation

In Piaget's preoperational stage (roughly two to seven years) thought is dominated by perceptual appearance and centred on one dimension, so the taller column looks like 'more' despite the identical quantity. Conservation of liquid appears only when reversible, decentred operations develop in the concrete operational stage, which is why this five-year-old's judgement is a textbook preoperational error.

Question 2Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil explains that he never copies in tests 'because if the teacher catches you, you get a zero and your parents are called'. In Kohlberg's scheme, this reasoning belongs to which stage?

  1. Universal ethical principle orientation
  2. Social contract orientation
  3. Good boy–good girl orientation
  4. Punishment and obedience orientation Correct answer.

Explanation

Kohlberg's preconventional level judges an act by its physical consequences for the actor, and stage 1 is defined by avoiding punishment and obeying authority for that reason. Later stages shift the justification to social approval, to law and order, to shared agreement, or to self-chosen principles, none of which this pupil invokes.

Question 3Child Development and Pedagogy

The distance between what a learner can do alone and what the same learner can do with timely hints from a more capable peer is called, in Vygotskian theory, the:

  1. zone of proximal development Correct answer.
  2. level of aspiration
  3. zone of actual development
  4. stage of equilibration

Explanation

Vygotsky distinguished what a learner achieves unaided from what the same learner can achieve with mediation from a teacher or a more capable peer, and named the latter the zone of proximal development. Instruction is held to be effective when it is pitched into this zone rather than at what is already mastered.

Question 4Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class VII pupil assembles three-dimensional models quickly, reads contour maps with ease and accurately judges whether furniture will fit into a room. In Gardner's theory, the intelligence most clearly reflected in these behaviours is:

  1. naturalistic
  2. bodily-kinaesthetic
  3. spatial Correct answer.
  4. logical-mathematical

Explanation

Spatial intelligence involves accurate mental representation and manipulation of visual and spatial information, as seen in maps, models and layout judgements. Gardner treats intelligences as relatively independent capacities rather than expressions of a single general factor.

Question 5Child Development and Pedagogy

A science teacher wants to judge a group project on rainwater harvesting, giving credit separately for planning, teamwork and the final model, and wants the criteria shared with pupils in advance. The most appropriate tool is:

  1. an analytic rubric Correct answer.
  2. a norm-referenced achievement test
  3. an oral quiz
  4. a cumulative record card

Explanation

An analytic rubric lists separate criteria with graded descriptors, so each dimension of the project is judged on its own and pupils know in advance how they will be assessed. This makes the assessment criterion-referenced and usable for feedback during a process-based task.

Question 6Child Development and Pedagogy

Revisiting the theme 'the living world' in Classes VI, VII and VIII with increasing depth and abstraction, so that earlier ideas are refined rather than merely repeated, best illustrates Bruner's concept of:

  1. the spiral curriculum Correct answer.
  2. the null curriculum
  3. the core curriculum
  4. the hidden curriculum

Explanation

Bruner argued that fundamental ideas should be revisited in a spiral, each time in a more powerful and abstract form, so that understanding is deepened rather than duplicated. This is the standard rationale for teaching the same theme across classes with rising complexity.

Question 7Child Development and Pedagogy

According to self-determination theory, which classroom practice is most likely to sustain a pupil's intrinsic motivation to read?

  1. ranking pupils by the number of books finished
  2. reminding pupils that marks will decide their stream
  3. awarding a star for every extra book read
  4. offering a choice of books and feedback on the ideas in them Correct answer.

Explanation

Self-determination theory holds that intrinsic motivation is sustained when autonomy, competence and relatedness are supported. Offering choice and informative feedback strengthens autonomy and competence, whereas tangible rewards, public ranking and threats are controlling and typically erode interest in the activity itself.

Question 8Child Development and Pedagogy

A child mutters instructions to herself while assembling a puzzle and falls silent once the puzzle has been solved. For Vygotsky, this pattern is best interpreted as:

  1. mere imitation of adult speech without cognitive use
  2. egocentric speech that will disappear with maturity
  3. self-guiding speech that is becoming inner speech Correct answer.
  4. evidence of language delay needing remediation

Explanation

For Vygotsky, private or self-directed speech begins as social speech and is then internalized as inner speech that regulates thought. Its appearance during a difficult task and its fading once the task is mastered indicate a self-guidance function, not egocentrism.

Question 9Child Development and Pedagogy

A toddler who has learned the word 'dog' calls a goat 'dog'; after being corrected and seeing many goats, she forms a separate goat category. Piaget would describe these two changes, in order, as:

  1. equilibration followed by organization
  2. accommodation followed by assimilation
  3. organization followed by adaptation
  4. assimilation followed by accommodation Correct answer.

Explanation

Assimilation is fitting new experience into an existing schema, as when the goat is called 'dog'. Accommodation is modifying an existing schema or creating a new one to fit the new experience, which is what happens when the child forms a separate goat category.

Question 10Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class VI pupil reads and writes age-appropriate prose, speaks well and reasons correctly about quantities orally, but persistently misreads multi-digit numerals, reverses digits and cannot recall number facts despite repeated practice. The most likely specific learning disability is:

  1. dyscalculia Correct answer.
  2. dyslexia
  3. dysgraphia
  4. dyspraxia

Explanation

Dyscalculia is a specific difficulty with number sense, arithmetic facts and symbol manipulation that is not explained by general ability or poor teaching. Intact reading, writing and oral quantitative reasoning alongside persistent numeral and fact errors fit this profile closely.

Question 11Child Development and Pedagogy

A ten-month-old is playing with a ball when it rolls under a cushion. She crawls over, lifts the cushion and takes the ball. According to Piaget, this behaviour shows that the infant has acquired

  1. egocentric speech, which Piaget linked to the preoperational stage
  2. object permanence, an achievement of the sensorimotor stage Correct answer.
  3. reversible thinking, which appears in the concrete operational stage
  4. conservation of substance, which is typical of the preoperational stage

Explanation

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, and Piaget placed its emergence in the later part of the sensorimotor stage (roughly 8-12 months). Searching for the hidden ball is direct evidence of this understanding. Conservation and reversibility belong to later stages and cannot be shown by a ten-month-old.

Question 12Child Development and Pedagogy

In a Class V class, a pupil who is repeatedly told before her classmates that she 'always gets everything wrong' starts refusing to attempt new tasks. In Erikson's terms, this classroom is most likely to foster

  1. identity versus role confusion
  2. industry versus inferiority Correct answer.
  3. initiative versus guilt
  4. autonomy versus shame and doubt

Explanation

Erikson placed the primary school years in the industry versus inferiority stage, where success in tasks and recognition from others build a sense of competence. Public humiliation makes the pupil doubt her ability and moves her towards the inferiority pole. Autonomy and initiative belong to earlier stages, and identity becomes central in adolescence.

Question 13Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil who was once severely scolded by a mathematics teacher now feels tense and anxious as soon as he enters the mathematics room, even on days when that teacher is absent. This reaction is best explained as

  1. a fixed action pattern triggered by entering the room
  2. observational learning from classmates
  3. a conditioned emotional response built through classical conditioning Correct answer.
  4. negative reinforcement of avoidance behaviour

Explanation

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (the mathematics room) that is repeatedly paired with an unpleasant stimulus (the scolding) comes to elicit a similar emotional response on its own. The room now functions as a conditioned stimulus producing anxiety. No reinforcement contingency or model is involved in this example.

Question 14Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher announces that pupils who complete the practice sheet during class will not have to do it again as homework. Over the next weeks, more pupils finish the sheet in class. In operant terms, this change is an example of

  1. negative reinforcement Correct answer.
  2. positive reinforcement
  3. extinction
  4. punishment by removal

Explanation

Negative reinforcement occurs when a behaviour increases because it removes or avoids an unpleasant consequence; here, completing the sheet removes the homework. The behaviour of finishing work in class has gone up, which distinguishes reinforcement from punishment. Positive reinforcement would involve adding a pleasant consequence rather than taking homework away.

Question 15Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher first models paragraph writing, then supplies a checklist, then only asks prompting questions, and finally stops helping as pupils write independently. This graded withdrawal of assistance is best described as

  1. shaping by successive approximation of a new skill
  2. scaffolding that is faded as competence grows Correct answer.
  3. extinction of previously learned writing habits
  4. a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Explanation

Scaffolding means providing temporary, adjustable support within the learner's range of competence and then removing it as the learner takes over the task. The key feature is the gradual fading of help rather than a reward schedule. Shaping would involve reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a behaviour, not the planned withdrawal of instructional support.

Question 16Child Development and Pedagogy

A four-year-old says 'I goed to the park' and 'two mouses', although the adults around her use the correct forms. A nativist explanation of this error would emphasise

  1. imitation of the incorrect forms that the child has heard most often
  2. an innate language acquisition device that generates rules and overgeneralises them Correct answer.
  3. modelling of simplified speech by older siblings and caregivers
  4. reinforcement of approximations by parents during interaction

Explanation

Nativists such as Chomsky argue that children possess an inborn capacity for rule-based language, so they produce forms like 'goed' by applying a past-tense rule they have never heard. Such overgeneralisation errors support the idea of rule construction rather than copying. The other options attribute the errors to input and reinforcement, which cannot explain novel incorrect forms.

Question 17Child Development and Pedagogy

A father's rotating night shifts at a factory leave him tired and irritable, and his son's classroom behaviour worsens, although the teacher has never met the employer. In Bronfenbrenner's model, the factory's shift system belongs to the

  1. exosystem Correct answer.
  2. mesosystem
  3. microsystem
  4. macrosystem

Explanation

The exosystem consists of settings that the child does not directly participate in but that shape the people and conditions around him, such as a parent's workplace. The factory does not contain the child, yet it affects his home experiences and hence his school behaviour. Microsystems are settings in which the child directly participates, mesosystems are links between such settings, and macrosystems are broader cultural patterns.

Question 18Child Development and Pedagogy

Before starting a project, a pupil lists what she already knows, sets her own deadlines, checks her progress each week and changes her poster layout when she sees that it is not working. This behaviour is best described as

  1. metacognitive self-regulation of learning Correct answer.
  2. reinforcement by the teacher's approval
  3. habituation to repeated task demands
  4. egocentric speech guiding her actions

Explanation

Metacognition involves awareness and control of one's own thinking: planning, monitoring progress and adjusting strategies. The pupil is doing all three, which is the hallmark of self-regulated learning. Teacher approval and habituation do not explain deliberate planning and strategy change.

Question 19Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil is asked: 'If all bloms are trums and some trums are zibs, what follows?' She works through the possibilities in her head without any real objects or pictures and rejects the conclusion that all bloms must be zibs. This reasoning indicates

  1. sensorimotor trial-and-error problem solving supported by perception
  2. concrete operational thinking, since she reasons about classes of real objects
  3. formal operational thinking, using hypothetico-deductive logic about abstract propositions Correct answer.
  4. preoperational transductive reasoning from one particular to another

Explanation

Formal operational thought, according to Piaget, allows reasoning about purely hypothetical propositions and testing conclusions against logical possibility rather than concrete experience. The pupil handles invented terms and rejects an invalid inference without any physical referents. Concrete operational children typically need real, manipulable material to reason this way.

Question 20Child Development and Pedagogy

In a 40-item test, an item was answered correctly by nearly every pupil in both the top quarter and the bottom quarter of the class. The discrimination index of this item is close to zero, which most reasonably tells the teacher to

  1. increase the number of options in the item from four to five
  2. discard the entire test and construct a new one
  3. revise or replace the item because it does not separate stronger from weaker pupils Correct answer.
  4. raise the pass mark to compensate for the easy item

Explanation

The discrimination index compares performance of high-scoring and low-scoring pupils on a single item. When both groups answer correctly at similar rates, the item cannot distinguish between them and contributes little information about achievement. The remedy is to revise or replace the item, not to alter the whole test or its passing mark.

Question 21Child Development and Pedagogy

A four-year-old hides her face behind her hands and says, 'Now you cannot see me.' In Piaget's theory, this behaviour is best explained by:

  1. egocentrism, because she assumes her own perspective is shared by others Correct answer.
  2. conservation, because she believes hiding changes her physical size
  3. centration, because she focuses on only one feature of the situation
  4. object permanence, because she thinks she has disappeared from view

Explanation

Egocentrism in Piaget's preoperational stage is the difficulty in separating one's own viewpoint from that of others. The child assumes that because she cannot see the adult, the adult cannot see her. This is not conservation, object permanence or centration, which describe different aspects of preoperational thinking.

Question 22Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil comes to school without breakfast and has slept only four hours. During the lesson he keeps yawning and cannot attend to the task. In Maslow's hierarchy, which need is most directly unmet?

  1. belongingness need
  2. self-actualisation need
  3. esteem need
  4. physiological need Correct answer.

Explanation

Maslow placed food, water, sleep and shelter at the base of the hierarchy as physiological needs. When these are unmet, they dominate attention and make higher-level needs such as esteem or belongingness harder to pursue. The pupil's hunger and sleep deprivation therefore point to physiological needs.

Question 23Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class IV pupil understands spoken instructions well and speaks fluently, but repeatedly reads 'was' as 'saw' and 'form' as 'from'. His oral comprehension is age-appropriate. This pattern is most characteristic of:

  1. dysgraphia
  2. dyslexia Correct answer.
  3. dyscalculia
  4. intellectual disability

Explanation

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects accurate and fluent word reading and spelling, while oral comprehension and general intelligence may be typical. Reversing letter order and struggling with decoding despite good spoken language fits this profile. Dyscalculia affects mathematics, dysgraphia affects writing, and intellectual disability would affect adaptive and cognitive functioning more broadly.

Question 24Child Development and Pedagogy

In a structured observation, a 12-month-old explores the room while her mother is present, becomes distressed when the mother leaves, and is quickly comforted when she returns. This pattern is classified as:

  1. avoidant attachment
  2. disorganised attachment
  3. ambivalent attachment
  4. secure attachment Correct answer.

Explanation

Secure attachment is marked by using the caregiver as a safe base for exploration, distress at separation and rapid comforting on reunion. Avoidant infants tend to show little distress and avoid the caregiver on return; ambivalent infants are clingy and hard to soothe; disorganised attachment shows contradictory behaviour.

Question 25Child Development and Pedagogy

Parents set clear rules for homework and screen time, explain the reasons for those rules, and listen to their child's objections before deciding. This parenting style is best described as:

  1. authoritarian
  2. authoritative Correct answer.
  3. uninvolved
  4. permissive

Explanation

Authoritative parenting combines high expectations with warmth and open communication. Authoritarian parenting is high on control but low on responsiveness, permissive parenting is warm but sets few limits, and uninvolved parenting is low on both. The parents' explanation and listening show responsiveness alongside firm rules.

Question 26Child Development and Pedagogy

At the end of each lesson, a teacher gives pupils a short slip with one question and uses their answers to plan the next day's teaching. This practice is best described as:

  1. summative assessment
  2. norm-referenced assessment
  3. formative assessment Correct answer.
  4. standardised assessment

Explanation

Formative assessment is used during learning to gather evidence about pupils' understanding and to adjust teaching. Exit slips that inform the next lesson are a typical example. Summative assessment comes at the end to certify achievement; norm-referenced and standardised assessments compare scores with a norm group.

Question 27Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class IX pupil tries different clubs, hairstyles and career goals, and is strongly influenced by peer approval. According to Erikson, the central psychosocial task of this period is:

  1. intimacy versus isolation, which centres on close relationships
  2. industry versus inferiority, which centres on competence
  3. identity versus role confusion, which centres on self-definition Correct answer.
  4. initiative versus guilt, which centres on purposeful action

Explanation

Erikson's fifth psychosocial stage, identity versus role confusion, occurs in adolescence and involves exploring who one is and where one belongs. Experimenting with roles and seeking peer acceptance are typical signs. Initiative versus guilt belongs to early childhood, industry versus inferiority to middle childhood, and intimacy versus isolation to young adulthood.

Question 28Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil watches his older sister being praised for helping a neighbour and then begins to offer help in class more often. This change is best explained by:

  1. classical conditioning
  2. negative reinforcement
  3. punishment
  4. vicarious reinforcement Correct answer.

Explanation

In Bandura's social learning theory, vicarious reinforcement occurs when a learner observes another person being rewarded for a behaviour and is therefore more likely to imitate it. The sister's praise acts as an observed consequence. Classical conditioning involves paired stimuli, negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase behaviour, and punishment decreases behaviour.

Question 29Child Development and Pedagogy

A test yields very similar scores when the same pupils take it on two occasions, but its items mostly measure arithmetic speed rather than the intended mathematical reasoning. The test is:

  1. reliable but not valid Correct answer.
  2. both reliable and valid
  3. neither reliable nor valid
  4. valid but not reliable

Explanation

Reliability refers to consistency of scores across occasions or forms, while validity refers to whether a test measures what it claims to measure. Consistent scores show reliability, but measuring arithmetic speed instead of reasoning shows poor construct validity. A test can be reliable without being valid, but not valid without being reliable.

Question 30Child Development and Pedagogy

A child says that breaking fifteen cups accidentally while helping is naughtier than breaking one cup on purpose, because 'fifteen is a bigger number.' In Piaget's theory, this judgement illustrates:

  1. heteronomous morality Correct answer.
  2. moral relativism
  3. autonomous morality
  4. perspective taking

Explanation

Piaget's heteronomous morality, typical of young children, judges acts by their visible consequences rather than by the actor's intention. The child focuses on the number of cups broken, not on whether the damage was accidental or deliberate. Autonomous morality, by contrast, takes intentions into account.

Question 31Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher designs a task that a pupil cannot complete alone but can finish successfully with hints and prompts from the teacher. In Vygotsky's theory, this task lies within the pupil's

  1. zone of proximal development Correct answer.
  2. preconventional level
  3. sensorimotor stage
  4. zone of actual development

Explanation

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable person. The teacher's hints and prompts place the task in this guided region rather than in independent performance. The other labels refer to different theoretical frameworks or levels.

Question 32Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil avoids calling out answers in class only because he is afraid of losing his free-play period. In Kohlberg's theory, this reasoning is at the

  1. formal operational stage
  2. conventional level
  3. preconventional level Correct answer.
  4. postconventional level

Explanation

Kohlberg's preconventional level is characterised by obedience and punishment orientation, where behaviour is controlled by fear of consequences to oneself. Avoiding a loss of free play for that reason fits this level. Conventional reasoning would emphasise social approval or rules, while postconventional reasoning would appeal to abstract ethical principles.

Question 33Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil borrows extra books on astronomy because she finds the subject fascinating and wants to understand it more deeply. This behaviour is best described as

  1. negative reinforcement
  2. intrinsic motivation Correct answer.
  3. vicarious reinforcement
  4. extrinsic motivation

Explanation

Intrinsic motivation comes from interest, enjoyment, and satisfaction in the activity itself rather than from external rewards or pressures. The pupil reads because the subject fascinates her, which is the defining feature of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation would depend on grades, prizes, or praise, and reinforcement terms refer to consequences shaping behaviour.

Question 34Child Development and Pedagogy

A child is shown two short wide glasses holding the same amount of water. When one glass is poured into a tall narrow glass, the child says the tall glass now holds more water. In Piaget's theory, this response most directly shows a lack of

  1. object permanence
  2. seriation
  3. classification
  4. conservation Correct answer.

Explanation

Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance, such as pouring liquid into a differently shaped container. The child is centring on the greater height of the narrow glass and ignoring its smaller width. Object permanence, seriation, and classification concern different cognitive achievements.

Question 35Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class V pupil spends hours on a craft model and feels proud when it is displayed, but becomes discouraged when classmates laugh at it. In Erikson's theory, he is negotiating

  1. intimacy versus isolation
  2. integrity versus despair
  3. industry versus inferiority Correct answer.
  4. autonomy versus shame and doubt

Explanation

In Erikson's psychosocial theory, middle childhood is dominated by industry versus inferiority, where children seek competence and recognition through productive activity. Pride in a craft model and discouragement at ridicule fit this crisis. Autonomy belongs to early childhood, intimacy to young adulthood, and integrity to late life.

Question 36Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher argues that a pupil who writes weak essays but excels at repairing classroom equipment and solving spatial puzzles should have that ability recognised and assessed in its own right. This view is most consistent with

  1. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences Correct answer.
  2. Piaget's theory of cognitive stages
  3. Skinner's operant conditioning
  4. Spearman's two-factor theory

Explanation

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes relatively independent abilities, including spatial and bodily-kinaesthetic intelligences, so strength in one area need not appear as strength in linguistic tasks. Recognising and assessing a distinct spatial or practical ability fits this view. Spearman instead emphasised a general intelligence factor, while Skinner and Piaget address conditioning and cognitive stages respectively.

Question 37Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class VI pupil has average intelligence and understands oral lessons well, but persistently reverses letter sequences and reads far below class level despite extra practice. The most appropriate first step is to

  1. refer the pupil for assessment of a specific learning disability Correct answer.
  2. assume the pupil is lazy and give punishment
  3. move the pupil to a lower class
  4. stop giving any reading practice

Explanation

Persistent reading difficulty despite average intelligence, good oral comprehension, and extra practice is a pattern that calls for a professional assessment of a specific learning disability such as dyslexia. Early identification allows appropriate support and accommodations. Moving the pupil down, punishing, or removing practice would not address the underlying difficulty.

Question 38Child Development and Pedagogy

A five-year-old mutters 'first the big one, then the small one' while assembling a puzzle alone. In Vygotsky's view, this private speech is

  1. a sign of egocentrism that should disappear
  2. inner speech in the making Correct answer.
  3. a symptom of language delay
  4. simple imitation with no cognitive purpose

Explanation

Vygotsky regarded private speech as self-guidance that children use to plan and regulate their own actions. Over time, this audible speech becomes internalised as inner speech. Piaget, by contrast, viewed such speech as egocentric, but the question asks specifically for Vygotsky's view.

Question 39Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher's unit test covers only the first two chapters of a ten-chapter syllabus, although it is meant to assess the whole unit. The test most clearly lacks

  1. test-retest reliability
  2. inter-rater reliability
  3. content validity Correct answer.
  4. predictive validity

Explanation

Content validity concerns how well an assessment represents the full domain of content it is supposed to measure. A test drawn from only two of ten chapters does not adequately sample the intended syllabus. Reliability refers to consistency of scores, and predictive validity refers to forecasting future performance.

Question 40Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher writes on a pupil's essay: 'Your argument is clear and well supported; next time, check that each paragraph links to the previous one.' This feedback is likely to help because it

  1. praises the pupil's general intelligence rather than the work
  2. compares the pupil's performance with that of classmates
  3. focuses on the task and gives a specific next step Correct answer.
  4. assigns a grade without explaining the criteria

Explanation

Effective feedback identifies what was done well and provides specific, actionable guidance for improvement. This comment addresses the task and tells the pupil exactly what to check next time. General intelligence praise, norm-referenced comparison, and grade-only feedback are less useful for learning.

Question 41Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

ಕನ್ನಡ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣದಲ್ಲಿ 'ದೇವಾಲಯ' ಪದವನ್ನು 'ದೇವ + ಆಲಯ' ಎಂದು ಬಿಡಿಸಿದಾಗ ಯಾವ ಸಂಧಿ ಆಗಿದೆ?

  1. ಯಣ್ ಸಂಧಿ
  2. ಸವರ್ಣದೀರ್ಘ ಸಂಧಿ Correct answer.
  3. ಗುಣ ಸಂಧಿ
  4. ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸಂಧಿ

Explanation

'ದೇವ'ದ ಅಂತ್ಯದ 'ಅ' ಮತ್ತು 'ಆಲಯ'ದ ಆರಂಭದ 'ಆ' ಎರಡೂ ಸವರ್ಣ ಸ್ವರಗಳು; ಇವು ಸೇರಿ ದೀರ್ಘ 'ಆ' ಆಗಿದೆ. ಸವರ್ಣ ಸ್ವರಗಳು ಕೂಡಿದಾಗ ಪೂರ್ವಸ್ವರದ ದೀರ್ಘರೂಪ ಉಳಿಯುವುದೇ ಸವರ್ಣದೀರ್ಘ ಸಂಧಿಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ದೇವಾಲಯ ಎಂಬ ಏಕರೂಪ ಪದ ಉಂಟಾಗಿದೆ.

Question 42Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ನೀಲಕಮಲ' ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು 'ನೀಲವಾದ ಕಮಲ' ಎಂದು ಬಿಡಿಸಿದಾಗ ಅದು ಯಾವ ಸಮಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ?

  1. ತತ್ಪುರುಷ ಸಮಾಸ
  2. ಕರ್ಮಧಾರಯ ಸಮಾಸ Correct answer.
  3. ದ್ವಂದ್ವ ಸಮಾಸ
  4. ಬಹುವ್ರೀಹಿ ಸಮಾಸ

Explanation

ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಪೂರ್ವಪದ 'ನೀಲ' ಉತ್ತರಪದ 'ಕಮಲ'ದ ವಿಶೇಷಣವಾಗಿದೆ; ವಿಶೇಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಶೇಷ್ಯದ ಸಂಬಂಧದಿಂದ ಆಗುವ ಸಮಾಸವೇ ಕರ್ಮಧಾರಯ. ಅರ್ಥದ ಪ್ರಧಾನತೆ ಉತ್ತರಪದದಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಉಳಿಯುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ಕರ್ಮಧಾರಯ ಸಮಾಸ.

Question 43Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಆದಿಕವಿ' ಎನಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿರುವ ಮತ್ತು 'ವಿಕ್ರಮಾರ್ಜುನ ವಿಜಯ' ಮಹಾಕಾವ್ಯವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದ ಕವಿ ಯಾರು?

  1. ಜನ್ನ
  2. ಹರಿಹರ
  3. ರನ್ನ
  4. ಪಂಪ Correct answer.

Explanation

ಪಂಪನು 'ವಿಕ್ರಮಾರ್ಜುನ ವಿಜಯ' (ಪಂಪ ಭಾರತ) ಮತ್ತು 'ಆದಿಪುರಾಣ' ಎಂಬ ಕೃತಿಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದನು. ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊದಲ ಮಹಾಕವಿ ಎಂಬ ಹಿರಿಮೆಗೆ ಪಾತ್ರನಾದ ಕಾರಣ ಅವನನ್ನು 'ಆದಿಕವಿ' ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಪಂಪ.

Question 44Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಏಕ + ಏಕ = ಏಕೈಕ' ಎಂಬ ಸಂಧಿ ಕಾರ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಸಂಧಿ ಆಗಿದೆ?

  1. ಸವರ್ಣದೀರ್ಘ ಸಂಧಿ
  2. ಯಣ್ ಸಂಧಿ
  3. ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸಂಧಿ Correct answer.
  4. ಗುಣ ಸಂಧಿ

Explanation

'ಏಕ'ದ ಅಂತ್ಯದ 'ಅ' ಕಾರದ ಮುಂದೆ 'ಏ' ಕಾರ ಬಂದು 'ಐ' ಕಾರವಾಗಿದೆ. ಅ/ಆ ಕಾರದ ಮುಂದೆ ಎ/ಏ ಬಂದು ಐ ಆಗುವುದು ವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸಂಧಿಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. ಇಲ್ಲಿ 'ಅ' ಮತ್ತು 'ಏ' ಸವರ್ಣ ಸ್ವರಗಳಲ್ಲದ ಕಾರಣ ಸವರ್ಣದೀರ್ಘವಲ್ಲ.

Question 45Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ರಾಜಭವನ' ಪದದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಸಮಾಸವಿದೆ?

  1. ಷಷ್ಠೀ ತತ್ಪುರುಷ ಸಮಾಸ Correct answer.
  2. ದ್ವಂದ್ವ ಸಮಾಸ
  3. ಕರ್ಮಧಾರಯ ಸಮಾಸ
  4. ಬಹುವ್ರೀಹಿ ಸಮಾಸ

Explanation

'ರಾಜನ ಭವನ' ಎಂದು ಬಿಡಿಸಿದಾಗ ಪದಗಳ ನಡುವೆ ಷಷ್ಠೀ ವಿಭಕ್ತಿಯ ಸ್ವಾಮಿತ್ವ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಕಾಣುತ್ತದೆ. ಷಷ್ಠೀ ವಿಭಕ್ತಿಯ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯ ಲೋಪವಾಗಿ ಆಗುವ ಸಮಾಸವನ್ನು ಷಷ್ಠೀ ತತ್ಪುರುಷ ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ಷಷ್ಠೀ ತತ್ಪುರುಷ ಸಮಾಸ.

Question 46Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಚಿತ್ರವು ಗೋಡೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ತೂಗುತ್ತಿದೆ' ಎಂಬ ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಗೋಡೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ' ಎಂಬ ಪದಗುಚ್ಛ ಯಾವ ಕಾರಕವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ?

  1. ಅಧಿಕರಣ ಕಾರಕ Correct answer.
  2. ಕರ್ತೃ ಕಾರಕ
  3. ಕರ್ಮ ಕಾರಕ
  4. ಸಂಪ್ರದಾನ ಕಾರಕ

Explanation

ಕ್ರಿಯೆ ನಡೆಯುವ ಸ್ಥಳವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಪದವು ಅಧಿಕರಣ ಕಾರಕವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಇಲ್ಲಿ 'ಮೇಲೆ' ಎಂಬ ಸಪ್ತಮೀ ವಿಭಕ್ತಿ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯದಿಂದ ಸ್ಥಳ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಸೂಚಿತವಾಗಿದೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ 'ಗೋಡೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ' ಅಧಿಕರಣ ಕಾರಕ.

Question 47Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಅವಳ ಮುಖವು ಚಂದ್ರನಂತೆ ಪ್ರಕಾಶಿಸುತ್ತಿದೆ' ಎಂಬ ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ?

  1. ಉತ್ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಾಲಂಕಾರ
  2. ಉಪಮಾಲಂಕಾರ Correct answer.
  3. ಅತಿಶಯೋಕ್ತಿ ಅಲಂಕಾರ
  4. ರೂಪಕಾಲಂಕಾರ

Explanation

ಮುಖ ಮತ್ತು ಚಂದ್ರ ಎಂಬ ಎರಡು ಭಿನ್ನ ವಸ್ತುಗಳನ್ನು 'ನಂತೆ' ಎಂಬ ಉಪಮಾವಾಚಕದ ಮೂಲಕ ಹೋಲಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಉಪಮೇಯ ಮತ್ತು ಉಪಮಾನಗಳು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕವಾಗಿಯೇ ಉಳಿಯುವ ಹೋಲಿಕೆಯೇ ಉಪಮಾಲಂಕಾರ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ಉಪಮಾಲಂಕಾರಕ್ಕೆ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ.

Question 48Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಜಲಜ' ಎಂಬ ವ್ಯುತ್ಪತ್ತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಪದದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಅರ್ಥಾಂಶ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದುದು (ಕಮಲ) Correct answer.
  2. ನೀರನ್ನು ಕುಡಿಯುವ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ
  3. ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಳುಗಿದ ವಸ್ತು
  4. ನೀರನ್ನು ಸಾಗಿಸುವ ನಾಲೆ

Explanation

'ಜಲ' ಮತ್ತು 'ಜ' ಎಂದು ಬಿಡಿಸಿದಾಗ 'ಜ' ಧಾತುವಿಗೆ ಹುಟ್ಟುವಿಕೆ ಎಂಬ ಅರ್ಥವಿದೆ. ಹೀಗಾಗಿ 'ಜಲಜ' ಎಂದರೆ ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದುದು, ಅಂದರೆ ಕಮಲ. ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಮೂಲದ ಈ ಪದ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಮಲದ ಸಮಾನಾರ್ಥಕವಾಗಿ ಬಳಕೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

Question 49Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಚತುರ್ಮುಖ' ಎಂಬ ಪದವು ಯಾವ ಸಮಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಯಾಗಿದೆ?

  1. ಬಹುವ್ರೀಹಿ ಸಮಾಸ Correct answer.
  2. ದ್ವಿಗು ಸಮಾಸ
  3. ದ್ವಂದ್ವ ಸಮಾಸ
  4. ಕರ್ಮಧಾರಯ ಸಮಾಸ

Explanation

'ಚತುರ್ಮುಖ' ಎಂದರೆ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಮುಖಗಳುಳ್ಳವನು, ಅಂದರೆ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ; ಸಮಾಸವು ತನ್ನ ಪದಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಬೇರೆಯದೇ ವಸ್ತುವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಪದಗಳ ಹೊರಗಿನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯೇ ಅರ್ಥದ ಪ್ರಧಾನವಾಗುವುದು ಬಹುವ್ರೀಹಿಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ಬಹುವ್ರೀಹಿ ಸಮಾಸ.

Question 50Language I (Kannada / English / Hindi / Urdu / Sanskrit / Marathi / Tamil / Telugu / Malayalam)

'ಕರ್ಣಾಟ ಭಾರತ ಕಥಾಮಂಜರಿ' ಅಥವಾ 'ಗದುಗಿನ ಭಾರತ' ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಕೃತಿಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದ ಕವಿ ಯಾರು?

  1. ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ Correct answer.
  2. ರನ್ನ
  3. ಜನ್ನ
  4. ಚಾಮರಸ

Explanation

ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸನು ಹದಿನೈದನೇ ಶತಮಾನದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಗದುಗಿನ ಭಾರತ' ಎಂದು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದ 'ಕರ್ಣಾಟ ಭಾರತ ಕಥಾಮಂಜರಿ'ಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದನು. ಅದು ಕನ್ನಡದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಾರತ ಕಾವ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲೊಂದು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ.