Kerala +2 Kannada flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadya

The Kannada term for prose. In the Kerala +2 syllabus it covers prescribed essays, biographies, travelogues, and short stories, examined for theme, character, and author's purpose.

Padya

The Kannada term for poetry or verse. Prescribed poems are analysed for theme, emotion (bhava), imagery, and form, with poetic devices named explicitly in answers.

Upama

The Kannada poetic device of simile, where one thing is compared to another using an explicit comparative word such as 'like' or 'as'. Naming it earns marks that paraphrase does not.

Roopaka

The Kannada poetic device of metaphor, where one thing is identified with another without an explicit comparative word. Distinguished from upama, which keeps the comparison open.

Anuprasa

The Kannada poetic device of alliteration, the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words. It contributes to rhythm and is frequently asked in device-identification items.

Rasa

The aesthetic emotion evoked in the reader by a poem or dramatic work. In answers, state the dominant rasa and cite the specific lines that produce it.

Non-detailed text

The supplementary reader in the Kerala +2 Kannada course. It is examined for plot outline, characters, setting, and resolution rather than for line-level language analysis.

Plot spine

A five-point outline of a narrative: exposition, inciting incident, complication, climax, and resolution. Preparing one per supplementary text prevents confusion in objective questions.

Vibhakti

The Kannada grammatical case system. The traditional scheme recognises eight cases, from nominative through vocative, each marked by distinct noun suffixes.

Linga

Kannada grammatical gender. The system is natural and tripartite: masculine (purusalinga), feminine (strilinga), and neuter (napumsakalinga), with non-human nouns taking neuter.

Vachana

Kannada grammatical number, divided into singular (ekavachana) and plural (bahuvachana). Plural suffixes vary by gender and noun ending, so they are best learned in pairs.

Sandhi

The phonological joining of two words at their boundary in Kannada. Vowel sandhi (svara) and consonant sandhi (vyanjana) are treated as separate categories in the syllabus.

Samasa

A Kannada compound word formed by joining two or more stems. Core types to identify are tatpurusha, dvandva, bahuvrihi, and karmadharaya, classified by relation between members.

Tadbhava

A Kannada word derived from Prakrit or Sanskrit through natural phonological change, as opposed to tatsama, which is retained in its original Sanskrit form.

Tatsama

A Kannada word borrowed from Sanskrit without phonological change. Contrasted with tadbhava, which shows the natural modifications of long use in Kannada.

Précis

A compressed restatement of a passage in the writer's own words, roughly one-third of the original length, retaining the central argument and omitting examples, repetition, and new material.

Formal letter layout

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, closing, and signature. This order is examinable, and register must remain polite and contraction-free.

Essay structure

An introduction stating the position, two or three body paragraphs each carrying one idea with one example, and a conclusion that restates the position without repeating the introduction's wording.

Report writing

A composition requiring a heading, a dateline, and past-tense factual narration. Personal opinion belongs only in a clearly labelled concluding section, never in the factual body.

Inference question

A comprehension item asking what the author implies rather than states. The answer needs a claim plus the textual clue that supports it, not an unsupported guess.

Idiom translation

Rendering an idiom by its equivalent idiom in the target language rather than word for word. Literal rendering of idioms is the most common translation error in examinations.

Transliteration

Representing proper nouns, numerals, and technical terms in the target script by sound rather than meaning. Consistency of transliteration across a passage is expected.

Halegannada

Old Kannada, the earliest attested literary period, associated with classical champu poetry. It precedes Nadugannada (Middle Kannada) and Hosagannada (Modern Kannada).

Navodaya

A modern Kannada literary movement marked by romantic and nationalist sensibility, drawing on personal emotion and nature. It precedes Navya, Dalita, and Bandaya writing.

Navya

A modern Kannada literary movement characterised by existential concern, experimentation, and inward psychological focus. It followed Navodaya and provoked later protest movements.

Dalita and Bandaya

Kannada literary movements voicing caste oppression and social protest respectively. They emerged after Navya and are cited as cultural context in essay answers on modern literature.

Yakshagana

A Karnataka folk performance tradition combining dance, music, and improvised dialogue. It belongs to the oral-performance heritage often cited as cultural context in literature essays.

Pampa

A major classical Kannada poet of the champu tradition, counted among the earliest landmark names alongside Ranna and Janna. Associate each with one major work.

Purandara Dasa

A central devotional (Bhakti) composer in Kannada, associated with Purandara Dasa's kirtanas. Frequently paired with Kanaka Dasa in objective items on devotional literature.

Honorific plural

The respectful plural form used in Kannada for a single elder or superior. Using the singular familiar form instead is a common error in formal letters.

Indirect speech

Reported rather than quoted speech. Conversion requires shifting pronouns, tense, and time-place words, with Kannada using quotative marking alongside the reporting verb.

Main-idea question

A comprehension item asking for the passage's central claim. The correct option covers the whole passage, while distractors quote vivid detail from a single supporting paragraph.