Kerala SSLC Arabic Oriental key terms

The system of case and mood endings attached to Arabic words according to their grammatical role in a sentence, and the practice of stating those endings and their reasons when parsing a text.

The state of a noun or verb carrying a ḍamma-type ending, marking it as subject of a nominal sentence, agent of a verb, or predicate in normal declarative structures.

The state of a word carrying a fatḥa-type ending, typically marking the direct object, the predicate of kāna, the subject of inna, or an adverbial qualifier.

The state of a noun carrying a kasra-type ending after a preposition or as the second term of a possessive construction; it never applies to verbs.

The state of an imperfect verb carrying a sukūn-type ending after a particle such as lam, lammā, or the prohibitive lā, showing that the action is negated or forbidden.

The two core parts of a nominal sentence: the topic noun that opens it and the predicate that completes the meaning, as in العلمُ نورٌ (knowledge is light).

A sentence beginning with a noun rather than a verb, built on a subject and predicate; common in descriptive and definitional passages of the prescribed prose texts.

A sentence that opens with a verb, followed by its agent and optional object; the standard narrative structure used in story passages of the textbook.

The doer of a verb, always in the nominative case and placed after the verb; it cannot be omitted in a normal active construction.

The noun receiving the action of a transitive verb, normally accusative; recognising it is essential for parsing and for translating active sentences accurately.

The past-tense verb form, invariable for person endings only; it describes completed actions and dominates historical and biographical passages in the syllabus.

The imperfect verb, beginning with one of the prefix letters and carrying nominative, accusative, or jussive mood depending on preceding particles; it expresses present or future action.

The imperative form used to command or request an action, built on the jussive pattern; it appears in advice, instruction, and dialogue lines of the texts.

A group of verbs including kāna, aṣbaḥa, and ẓalla that enter a nominal sentence, keeping the subject nominative and putting the predicate in the accusative.

Particles such as inna, anna, and kaʾanna that enter a nominal sentence and reverse the case pattern: subject accusative, predicate nominative.

A preposition such as fī, min, ʿalā, or ilā that governs a following noun in the genitive; it also affects pronoun suffixes attached to it.

The possessive construction joining two nouns, where the first takes no case ending of its own and the second stands in the genitive, expressing possession or relation.

The two components of an iḍāfa: the possessed noun, which loses tanwīn and the definite article, and the possessor noun, which is always genitive.

A pronoun suffix attached directly to a verb, noun, or particle, such as the tāʾ in katabtu or the hāʾ in kitābuhu, marking person and possession.

An independent pronoun standing as its own word, such as huwa, hiya, anā, or naḥnu, used for emphasis or as the subject of a nominal sentence.

A derived noun describing the one who performs the action, usually formed on the pattern fāʿil, as in kātib from kataba; it behaves partly like an adjective.

A derived noun describing the one on whom the action is performed, typically on the pattern mafʿūl, as in maktūb from kataba.

The fixed morphological pattern, expressed with the letters fāʾ, ʿayn, and lām, against which a word's form is measured to identify derivation and meaning.

The root consonants of an Arabic word, usually three, from which related nouns and verbs are derived; identifying the root helps infer meaning in unseen passages.

The vocabulary stock of a language or of a set text; in this syllabus it means the word list a candidate must be able to define and use in sentences.

A word with the same or very close meaning as another, such as saʿīd and farḥān for happy; synonym questions test precision rather than loose association.

A word opposite in meaning to another, such as ṭawīl and qaṣīr; antonym items appear frequently in vocabulary exercises on the Kerala paper.

The plural form of a noun; it may be sound, formed by adding ūna or āt, or broken, formed by internal vowel change, as in kitāb becoming kutub.

The dual form, marking exactly two by adding āni or ayni to the singular, used for pairs such as two books or two students.

The grammatical gender pair: feminine nouns typically end in tāʾ marbūṭa or refer to females, while masculine nouns take masculine agreement in verbs and adjectives.

An adjective and the noun it describes; the adjective follows its noun and agrees with it in definiteness, gender, number, and case.

The interrogative style, using particles and pronouns such as hal, man, mā, kayfa, and limādhā; comprehension questions often ask candidates to identify the question word used.

The vocative style, calling someone with yā followed by the name, sometimes with the final vowel dropped; it appears in dialogue and poetic lines of the syllabus.

An exclamatory pattern expressing wonder, formed either with mā afʿala or afʿil bihi; recognising it helps in explaining tone in literary passages.

Translation between Arabic and Malayalam or English; the paper tests accurate transfer of meaning, correct tense, and appropriate register rather than word-for-word substitution.

Composition writing, in which the candidate produces a short connected passage on a familiar topic using correct grammar, linking words, and paragraph structure.

Handwriting; the syllabus expects legible Arabic script with correct letter joining and proportion, assessed in written answers and copy exercises.

Dictation and spelling accuracy, covering hamza placement, tāʾ marbūṭa versus open tāʾ, and the writing of tanwīn at word endings.

The glottal stop letter, written as hamzat al-qaṭʿ or hamzat al-waṣl; its correct placement on or under the line is a common spelling point.

Literature, covering prose and poetry as artistic expression; the syllabus includes classical and modern Arabic literary selections with attention to theme and style.

A poet; candidates study named poets, their eras, and the main idea and imagery of prescribed verses, including metre and rhyme awareness.

A poem, traditionally built on a single metre and rhyme running through the lines; analysis covers theme, imagery, and the poet's purpose.

A narrative text with characters, setting, and events; prose lessons are tested through questions on plot, character motive, and the moral drawn.

Rhetoric, the study of figurative and emphatic expression, including simile, metaphor, and metonymy; candidates identify these devices in given lines.

A simile, explicitly comparing two things with a particle such as ka or mithl, as in the brave man is like a lion.

A metaphor, where the comparison is implied by transferring a word from its proper meaning, as calling a generous person a sea.

The main idea or central message of a passage, which comprehension questions ask candidates to state briefly in their own words.

The title of a lesson or text; it often signals the theme, and candidates may be asked to suggest a suitable alternative title.

Moral conduct, a recurring theme in the Islamic and literary selections: honesty, kindness to parents, generosity, and patience are presented through stories and sayings.

The Qur'an; the syllabus includes short sūras for recitation and meaning, and questions may ask for the general lesson of a passage.

Explanation of Qur'anic meaning in simple language; candidates are expected to give the gist of a prescribed verse rather than detailed scholarly commentary.

A chapter of the Qur'an; prescribed short sūras are studied for their names, order, occasion, and central teaching.

A saying or report of the Prophet Muhammad; selected hadiths are studied for wording, meaning, and the moral lesson they teach.

The biography of the Prophet, covering key events of his life and character; questions test sequence of events and the lessons drawn from them.

The rules of correct Qur'anic recitation, including articulation points, lengthening, and the clear pronunciation of letters; basic rules may be tested orally.

Islamic education as a subject strand, combining beliefs, worship, manners, and moral stories; it supplies the cultural content woven into the Arabic texts.